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All Journal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Sapientia Et Virtus Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi J-CEKI
Ibnu Mardiyanto
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Concept as an Attempt for Protection of Human Rights in International Humanitarian Law Context Ibnu Mardiyanto; Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh
Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Vol. 6 Issue 1 (2023) Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/volksgeist.v6i1.7229

Abstract

The 20th century was marked by mass murder and crime to humanity, such as genocide, war crime, and ethnic cleansing, resulting in tens of millions of deaths throughout the world. While the objective of establishing the United Nations in 1945 aimed at preventing such crimes, mass murders kept on occurring, as the cases in Bosnia and Rwanda in 1990s. The responsibility to protect (R2P) concept emerged as a response to these failures, by proposing that the sovereignty of a country should be based on the responsibility to protect its citizens, rather than the right to take actions without any intervention from the international world. This research aims at exploring the R2P concept as an attempt to protect human rights in the international humanitarian law context by analyzing the relevant literature and legal norms to discover how this concept can be the basis for protecting human rights under conflict situation and four mass violations of human rights. It used normative legal research method based on international law framework. Two approaches were used, namely conceptual and comparative ones. The research results indicated that R2P concept was the best alternative for humanitarian intervention to protect mankind from such crimes as genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. In an intra-country conflict, the international community was responsible through preventive and military intervention attempts. The R2P concept was also relevant in international humanitarian law since it gave a clear framework in protecting human rights and preventing mass crimes, especially in relation to the use of military power.
A Implikasi Hukum Perjanjian Internasional terhadap Implementasi Otonomi Daerah: Studi tentang Kompetensi Pemerintah Daerah Ibnu Mardiyanto
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 4 No 3 (2023): Oktober
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v4i3.26601

Abstract

The era of globalization has had a significant impact on the development of communication and information technology, requiring the ability and capacity for international cooperation among all parties, including central and local governments. The reform process in Indonesia has provided autonomy and authority to local governments to engage in international cooperation through international agreements as one way to improve and advance the conditions of the regions. This research uses normative legal research, which focuses on the analysis of legal principles and rules that govern cooperation through international agreements. This study aims to explain the authority of local governments in the formation of international agreements by considering the implementation of regional autonomy. From this research, it can be concluded that international cooperation by local governments as the initiators of international agreements has significant legal implications for the implementation of regional autonomy, especially in terms of utilizing regional potential, improving bilateral relations, developing human resources, and increasing regional competitiveness Keywords: international agreements; regional autonomy; local government authority
Konsekuensi Yuridis Penerapan Yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional Terhadap Eksistensi Pengadilan Nasional dalam Mengadili Kejahatan Internasional Ibnu Mardiyanto
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 14, No 1 (2023): JNH VOL 14 NO 1 JUNI 2023
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v14i1.3774

Abstract

The application of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court has consequences for the role of national courts in adjudicating international crimes. The International Criminal Court possesses the authority to prosecute specific offenses, including genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. However, the establishment of the International Criminal Court does not absolve national courts of their obligation to investigate and prosecute the perpetrators of these crimes. This study examines the legal implications as consequences of the jurisdictional application of the International Criminal Court on the role of national courts in adjudicating international criminals. The research methodology employed in this study is normative research. This research’s findings demonstrate that the application of the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction is of utmost importance in addressing impunity for international crimes and is a pertinent global concern. The International Criminal Court functions as a supplementary body and only intervenes when national courts are unable to carry out their duties effectively. The legal ramifications of exercising the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court alongside national courts necessitate collaboration and coordination between the two entities to ensure a fair and effective outcome for both the accused and the victims. Therefore, it is imperative to promote national courts' development and capacity building in processing and adjudicating international crimes. AbstrakPenerapan yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional memiliki konsekuensi terhadap eksistensi pengadilan nasional dalam mengadili kejahatan internasional. Mahkamah Pidana Internasional memiliki otoritas untuk mengadili kejahatan tertentu seperti genosida, kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, kejahatan perang dan kejahatan agresi. Namun, terbentuknya Mahkamah Pidana Internasional tidak menghilangkan kewajiban pengadilan nasional untuk memproses dan mengadili pelaku kejahatan tersebut. Tulisan ini mengkaji mengenai konsekuensi yuridis yang timbul dari penerapan yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional terhadap eksistensi pengadilan nasional dalam mengadili pelaku kejahatan internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelitian normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional sangat penting untuk mengatasi impunitas dalam kejahatan internasional dan merupakan isu global yang relevan. Mahkamah Pidana Internasional bertindak sebagai pelengkap dan hanya intervensi ketika pengadilan nasional tidak efektif. Konsekuensi yuridis dari penerapan yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional terhadap pengadilan nasional melibatkan kolaborasi dan koordinasi antara kedua pengadilan untuk mencapai hasil yang adil dan efektif bagi terdakwa dan korban. Untuk itu perlu mendorong pengembangan dan peningkatan kapasitas pengadilan nasional dalam memproses dan mengadili kejahatan internasional.
Perjanjian Internasional Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Nasional dan Internasional Ibnu Mardiyanto
SAPIENTIA ET VIRTUS Vol 8 No 1 (2023): March
Publisher : Darma Cendika Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37477/sev.v8i1.415

Abstract

Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perspektif hukum nasional dan internasional terkait politik hukum Pasal 9 dan 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 Tentang Perjanjian Internasional dengan fokus pada adanya pertentangan di dalam Pasal 9 Ayat (2) dan Pasal 18 huruf h. Oleh karena itu, harmonisasi antara sistem hukum nasional dan internasional perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan koordinasi antara lembaga-lembaga nasional dan internasional dalam rangka melindungi kepentingan nasional Indonesia di setiap kerja sama internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, undang-undang, dan perbandingan untuk menganalisis permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis dokumen dengan mempelajari dokumen-dokumen hukum seperti UUD NRI 1945, Konvensi Wina 1969, dan UU Perjanjian Internasional dan literatur hukum yang terkait. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengesahan perjanjian internasional melalui Keputusan Presiden bertentangan dengan Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 dan penentuan kepentingan nasional sebagai salah satu alasan pembenar pengakhiran suatu perjanjian internasional yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah Indonesia sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 18 Undang-Undang tersebut bertentangan dengan Pasal 42 Konvensi Wina 1969. Kata Kunci: perjanjian internasional, pengesahan, pengakhiran Abstract This article aims to examine the national and international legal perspectives related to the legal policy of Articles 9 and 18 of Law Number 24 of 2000 regarding International Agreements, with a focus on the conflicts in Article 9 Paragraph (2) and Article 18 letter h. Therefore, harmonization between the national and international legal systems is necessary to improve understanding and coordination between national and international institutions in order to protect Indonesia's national interests in every international cooperation. This study uses a normative legal research method with conceptual, legal, and comparative approaches to analyze the issues in this study. The author uses document analysis techniques by studying legal documents such as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the 1969 Vienna Convention, the International Agreement Law, and related legal literature. The results of the analysis show that the ratification of international agreements through Presidential Decree conflicts with Article 11 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and the determination of national interests as one of the justifications for terminating an international agreement made by the Indonesian Government as regulated in Article 18 of the Law is contrary to Article 42 of the Vienna Convention 1969. Keywords: international agreement, ratification, termination.
Problematika Hukum Internasional Dalam Kebijakan Deportasi Pengungsi Rohingya Di Indonesia: Analisis Kritis Prinsip Non-Refoulement Ibnu Mardiyanto
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 3 No. 6: Oktober 2024
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/jceki.v3i6.5285

Abstract

At the end of 2023, Indonesia faced a wave of Rohingya arrivals, who were suspected to be illegal immigrants rather than refugees. This situation was partly triggered by the deteriorating security conditions in the Cox's Bazaar refugee camps in Bangladesh, where thousands of Rohingya refugees were living in increasingly unsafe conditions. Human traffickers exploited this situation by offering dangerous journeys to Indonesia as an alternative. Their arrival created new tensions in the Aceh region, where some local residents expressed rejection. This research aims to analyze Indonesia's deportation policy towards Rohingya refugees at the end of 2023 and examine the legal basis that allows Indonesia to bypass the principle, particularly Article 33(2) of the 1951 Refugee Convention, in order to protect national security. This study employs a normative-empirical legal method, combining textual regulation analysis with empirical data from public responses. The findings of this research show that Indonesia's deportation policy towards Rohingya refugees potentially violates the non-refoulement principle and contradicts the obligation to fulfill human rights. However, there is a legal basis that could justify Indonesia's disregard of the principle. This conclusion is important as it highlights that, despite the limitations in applying the non-refoulement principle, Indonesia must carefully balance national interests with humanitarian responsibilities under international law.
Co-Authors Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh