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All Journal Arena Hukum KRTHA BHAYANGKARA MLJ Merdeka Law Journal
Kadek Wiwik Indrayanti
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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PERKEMBANGAN DISKURSUS PERLINDUNGAN AGAMA DARI PENGHINAAN DAN KRITIK DALAM ATURAN PENODAAN AGAMA Anak Agung Ayu Nanda Saraswati; Kadek Wiwik Indrayanti
Arena Hukum Vol. 12 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2019.01203.9

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis article attempts to analyze public order as one of the permissible limitations of freedom of expression. There are different definitions of public order among countries. Some consider blasphemy, including cultural sensitivity and religious values as public orders, therefore a permissiblelimitations. For this reason, the views and interpretations of cultural relativism are important to be examined. This article concludes that countries with restrictions argue that freedom of expression is not absolute, but can be limited by religious values and cultural sensitivity, part of public order. Whereas based on the view of cultural relativism, all freedoms must be in accordance with local law, culture and local religion. However, the United Nations are in position that religious values and cultural sensitivity are not legitimate limitations to freedom of expression. Such limitations are not designed to protect belief systems from external or internal criticism, but to protect individuals against direct violations of their right. In this respect, the need for healthy dialogue and debate about religion are necessity. ABSTRAKArtikel ini hendak menganalisa ketertiban umum sebagai salah satu pembatasan sah kebebasan berekspresi. Apa yang dimaksud dengan ketertiban umum diantara negara-negara berbeda. Ada negara yang menganggap bahwa penodaan agama merupakan pembatasan yang sah. Untuk itu, pandangan dan interpretasi dari pandangan relativisme budaya menjadi penting untuk diteliti. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa negara-negara yang melakukan pembatasan berargumen kebebasan berekspresi tidaklah bersifat absolut, tetapi dapat dibatasi oleh nilai-nilai agama serta sensitifitas budaya yang merupakan bagian daripublic order. Berdasarkan pandangan relativisme budaya, segala kebebasan harus tetap sesuai dengan hukum, budaya dan juga agama setempat. Hanya saja, dalam hukum internasional, PBB tidak memposisikan penodaan agama termasuk nilai-nilai agama dan sensitifitas budaya sebagai pembatasan yang sah. Hal ini karena pembatasan tersebut tidak didesain untuk melindungi sistem kepercayaan dari kritik eksternal, melainkan melindungi individu dari pelanggaran langsung atas haknya. Dalam hal ini, dialog sehat dan perdebatan ilmiah tentang agama adalah suatu kebutuhan yang esensial.
Ratio Decidendi Penafsiran Klausula Eksonerasi Dalam Perjanjian Baku di Indonesia Fiona Wiananda Adhyaksanti; Kadek Wiwik Indrayanti
KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Vol. 17 No. 1 (2023): KRTHA BHAYANGKARA: APRIL 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/krtha.v17i1.828

Abstract

The existance of an exoneration clause in a standard contract often causes different interpretations by judges when faced with concrete cases. One interesting decision that has sparked debate was the Malang District Court Decision Number 94/Pdt.G/2017/PN Mlg, where the Defendant has included the prohibition of the exoneration clause in the standard contract. This is unacceptable to the Plaintiff, so the cancellation of the contract is requested. However, the Panel of Judges in their decision stated that they rejected all of the Plaintiff's claims. This study aims to analyze the ratio decidendi of the Malang District Court Decision Number 94/Pdt.G/2017/PN Mlg based on the principle of balance of positions between the parties. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and case approaches The results of this study indicate that the Panel of Judges has its own perspective which has considered philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects in its Decision. The main dispute that occurred between the parties was caused by the plaintiff's default and not because of the exoneration clause in the standard contract. However, even though the Panel of Judges rejected the Plaintiff's claim, in the context of the principle of balance in a standard contract, the position of the rights and obligations of the parties has not been realized, both from the beginning of the making of the contract to the implementation of the contract.
Potret Penerapan Kebijakan dan Program Pengarusutamaan Gender pada Aspek Kualitas air di Instansi Pemerintah di Wilayah Malang Raya Kadek Wiwik Indrayanti; Ferry Anggriawan; Wika Yudha Shanty; Schuyler
MLJ Merdeka Law Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): November 2024, Merdeka Law Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate University of Merdeka Malang

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Abstract

The Brantas River area in Malang City, East Java, has experienced a decline in water quality due to domestic waste. Many residents living along the riverbanks rely on the river as a primary water source, despite the deteriorating environmental conditions. Therefore, an in-depth study is needed on the policies and programs implemented by various related institutions using the Gender Analysis Pathway (GAP). This study examines gender mainstreaming (PUG) policies and programs adopted by government institutions in Malang City, particularly in the areas of waste management and water quality, as well as the implementation of PUG within communities residing along the Brantas River. This research is classified as empirical legal research, as it evaluates the implementation of regulations, policies, and gender mainstreaming programs within relevant agencies. The findings indicate that: (1) The implementation of PUG programs within government institutions in Malang City has not been maximized, as each department carries out programs based on its specific duties and responsibilities. (2) The implementation of PUG within communities along the Brantas River has not been carried out, as evidenced by the lack of gender-related socialization from government agencies. Additionally, community needs, such as waste bins, have not been effectively communicated to the government. There is also a desire among residents to independently measure the quality of well water, but they lack the necessary knowledge to do so. The community has expressed a willingness to learn and conduct independent water quality assessments. (3) The challenges in implementing PUG at the community level are evident, as residents lack awareness and understanding of gender-related issues, making it difficult to develop programs using gender-based indicators.  Keywords: Policy, Gender Mainstreaming, Environment   
Co-Authors Anak Agung Ayu Nanda Saraswati Ferry Anggriawan Fiona Wiananda Adhyaksanti Schuyler Wika Yudha Shanty, Wika Yudha