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Are Household Water Purification Devices Useful to Improve the Physical Chemical and Microbial Quality of the feed Water? Case Study: Bandar Abbas South of Iran Mojtaba Afsharnia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 02
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Part of the Bandar Abbas population in southern Iran, in order to access to better water quality than municipal tap water systems, use household water purification devices. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent these devices are effective in improving the quality and the efficiency are desirable for the production of water quality. This cross-sectional study that was conducted in a six-month period time in 2015 in Bandar Abbas. A total of 30 samples of water from various home water purification apparatuses were sampled and tested for hardness, alkalinity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and MPN was performed on the samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19 and statistical tests ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. The efficiency of the apparatuses to reduce turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, Na, K and Cl, respectively were 45.9, 39, 22.3, 30.6, 34.9 and 53 percent, and in reduce of TDS and EC respectively were 37.5 and 59 percent. The devices ability to change the pH of water was low and negative; (-5.8 percent). In 26.6% of influent samples, microbial contamination was detected, which in all mentioned cases, the microbial contaminated were showed in effluent samples. In general, the use of these devices was not necessarily lead to improved water quality. After working the 12-month period significantly decreased efficiency. The number of treatment stages did not impact in device efficiency improvement.Keywords: Water treatment, Purification devices, Water quality, Chemical quality.

An Investigation of Ground Water Resources Quality in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, 2015 Mojtaba Afsharnia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Sistan and Baluchistan province with an area of 187.500 km2, accounts for 11.4% of the total area of the country as the biggest province. Considering the population density, it is one of the lowest populated provinces in Iran. Quality of the ground water is determined by its chemical, physical, and biological properties. Since chemical elements play a significant role in the type and amount of the usage of these resources, in this work, it's been aimed to determine and interpret the dominant type of water and critical points by measuring the important and influential physical and chemical properties including the concentrations of sulfate, fluoride, calcium, chloride, magnesium, and sodium ions, as well as other physical and chemical parameter in 800 samples from different areas of the province in 2015. The final goal is to contribute to solving the current water crisis of the country by gaining the knowledge for better management of these water resources, now and in the future. The results demonstrated that, in all cities of the province, all parameters were within the limited range, except for sodium, which was revealed to be higher than the limited range in majority of the cities. Among these cities, the quality of the water in Zahedan and Chabahar was obtained to be comparatively worse. Furthermore, the dominant type in Sistan and Baluchistan province was detected to be sodium sulfate and then sodium bicarbonate.Keywords: Chemical elements, water quality, ground water, GIS, Sistan and Baluchistan

Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions Using Azolla Plant Leaf Mojtaba Afsharnia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Soluble hexavalent chromium Cr is one of the most important and most dangerous toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals. This metal in accordance with health organizations has been classified as one of six probably carcinogenic agents through ingestion. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using Azolla plant leaf. In this experimental study, the effect of influencing variables was analyzed, including pH (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 12), contact time (5 to 120 minutes), adsorbent dosage (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1 and 1.5 g/l) and initial phenol concentration (10-200 mg). Adsorption isotherms were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The results showed that acid- heat- modified Azolla plant leaf had greater potential for absorption of chromium in comparison with washed with distilled water or unmodified conditions, so that the absorption rate was about 53% in pH 2 with an hour contact time. Also according to the results, the absorption rate in pH 2 was greater than in pH 4. Therefore, Azolla plant leaf compared with some adsorbents investigated so far is considered as an effective, suitable and inexpensive adsorbent for removal of Cr from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Hexavalent Chromium, Adsorption, Azolla, Aqueous Solutions, Adsorbent

Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Raw and Incinerated Pine Bark Mojtaba Afsharnia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 03
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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In this research, raw and incinerated pine barks were evaluated as absorbents for the removal of pentavalent arsenic As(V), from aqueous solutions. After preparing artificial wastewater samples containing different concentrations of arsenic, the impact of the parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial arsenic concentration was assessed on arsenate adsorption level by both of the absorbents. The results showed that the pine bark ash could remove arsenic from aqueous solutions better than the raw pine bark in optimum conditions of contact time of 60 minutes, pH 7, absorbent dosage of 1 g/l and initial arsenic concentration of 1000 µg/l with absorption efficiency of 95.86%. Considering the high efficiency of absorbent at neutral pH as well as the availability and low cost of the pine barks, the use of pine bark ash is suggested as an effective absorbent for removing arsenic from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Pine Bark, Arsenic, Aqueous Solutions

Studying the Status of Biological and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Swimming Pools of the City Kermanshah (Iran) in 2016 Mojtaba Afsharnia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 02
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Swimming pools are the most attractive and popular of sports centers. Swimming has constructive effects on human physical and mental health care and lack of proper sanitation and disinfection Regulations of water in swimming pools is led to health problems and infectious disease transmission among swimmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the results of swimming pools in Kermanshah with the national standards. This study was descriptive-sectional and carried out in 2016 in 24 active pools in Kermanshah city by collecting statistics. In the survey in addition of the characterization of Public Pools Through interviews, heterotrophic bacteria, fecal coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and physicochemical parameters such as residual chlorine, turbidity were assessed in the sampling sites and were recorded in the relevant forms. All calculations were performed with SPSS software (version 16) and statistical significance was considered 0.05. The results showed that from 99 samples in 15.2% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has exceeded the standard level. In addition, 17.2% Staphylococcus aureus, 15.2% and the amount of fecal coliform, 17.2% bacteria heterotroph and 17.2% of residual chlorine levels were out of the standard limit. According on the results, residua chlorine, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fecal coliform, heterotroph bacteria indicators had the minimum compliance with standard levels which indicates the need for continuous monitoring of physical, chemical and biological indicators of water as well as filtration and disinfection of water. It also recommended alternative antibiotics.Keywords: biological, physical, chemical, swimming pool, Kermanshah, Iran

Bio-Adsorption of Aniline from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Raw Sludge Mojtaba Afsharnia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 04
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Aniline is a simple aromatic ring compound with wide application in several industries. Since it is soluble and highly toxic, aniline is threatening to human and environment and can disturb aqueous species life. Aniline also has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. The aim of the present study was to eliminate aniline from aqueous solutions by the use of activated raw sludge. In this experimental study, the efficiency of activated raw sludge in eliminating aniline along with the impact of other influential variables such as pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), contact time (0-120 minutes), adsorbent dose (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.5 mg/L) and aniline initial concentration (10-250 mg) was investigated. Adsorption isotherm was assessed using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The results indicated that the maximum efficiency of activated raw sludge in eliminating aniline was 80% which was achieved at the optimum condition of pH 11, contact time of 30 minutes, 0.2 mg/L adsorbent dose and aniline initial concentration of 200 mg/L. In addition, isotherm data showed the most fitness into Langmuir adsorption model (R2 0.990). Therefore, activated raw sludge possesses a high capacity to eliminate aniline from aqueous solutions and chemical industry wastewater.Keywords: Aniline, adsorption, sludge, adsorption, isotherms, Langmuir

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