Alexei Yumashev
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Characteristics of Biocompatible Coatings on Dental Implants Alexei Yumashev
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 01
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of various biocompatible modifications of the implant surface and factors that mainly affect processes at the implant-bone interface. This review summarizes and explains the factors that are currently recognized as important for dental implants osseointegration: body materials and coatings, topography, hydrophilicity and polarity of the implant surface. Implant body materials (titanium, zirconium) are designed to provide mechanical stability. Their effect on bone cells can be improved with the help of surface treatment with various materials that include calcium phosphates, strontium, bio-glass, and diamond-like carbon. Surface topography can be changed using various methods, for example, plasma spraying, sandblasting, acid etching and microarc oxidation to increase bone contact with the implant. The hydrophilicity and polarity of the surface of the implants shows a significant cell adhesion effect. At the present time the currently used dental implant materials are showing satisfactory clinical results, ongoing research on innovative surfaces is necessary to improve and accelerate the of dental implant osseointegration.Keywords: Dental implants, Implant body materials, Biocompatible coatings, Osseointegration.
Cervical Caries: Modern Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment Alexei Yumashev
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 01
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to study the effectiveness of the cervical caries treatment when filling with different materials in the short and long term.  Methods: To study the elemental composition, electron probe microanalysis method was used. The quality of fillings from NC, GC, CM was evaluated in the following terms: a week after restoration, six months, a year, two years.  Results: Features of the anatomical structure of the cervical region indicate an increased risk of caries here. Areas with increased tissue hardness, as well as hardness, stability and mineralization may form in the dental tissue. These foci are able to withstand the demineralization of the tooth for some time. Conclusions: When filling NC and CM in the intermediate layer between dentin and material, the structure is homogeneous. The hard tissues of the tooth are enriched due to the contained fluorides. Scanning microscopy data confirmed the opening of the dentinal tubules. The first group of patients (low resistance to caries) improved 1.4 times the performance of the marginal fit of the fillings, provided that ozonation was present (p≤0.05). For the second group, the safety of fillings was established for 2 years in 95% of cases, but subject to the presence of ozonation.Keywords: Cervical caries, Ozonation, Nanocomposites, Glass ion cements, Nanoglassionomer, compomer.
Development of Biocompatible Coatings for Dental Implants Based on Transition Metal Nitrides Alexei Yumashev
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 05 (2019) May 2019
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Nitrides are nitrogen (N) compounds with other chemical elements, in particular with transition metals. For transition metal nitrides, the main ones are properties such as homogeneity of the material of nitride products, high electrical conductivity, and high melting points, with hardness exceeding most other known materials. As experimental samples we used ready transition metals alloys from cylinders, 10 mm in diameter, and 20 mm in height. 10 cylinders for each alloy were used. Heating to the required temperatures was carried out using an induction heating furnace. Temperatures were measured with a DT model pyrometer, the measuring range of which ranges from -50 to + 110 °C, with an error of one tenth of a °C. Alloys were studied using electron microscopy, and the hardness of the resulting alloy was also measured. In addition to the samples of implants with a nitride coating, samples of cast products (implants) were produced. 10 samples of each type were made. The nitride film present almost doubled the hardness indices of metals and their alloys. The smallest wear out was observed for gold and platinum samples, the largest - for zirconium, titanium and nickel, 2-3 times more (p≤0.05). The presence of even the thinnest titanium nitride film changed these indicators, as a result of which the wear out level became even lower than that of gold (p≤0.05). The present nitride film prevents the formation of an adsorption layer. Such implants wear out will be slowed down in comparison with metal ones, but without a nitride film, on which an adsorption layer is formed. Along with the preference of titanium physical and chemical properties over other metals and their alloys, the deposition of a titanium nitride film is a necessary property to improve. Titanium has several advantages over other metals, including lower thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion changes. Titanium nitride gives maximum hardness and maximum wear resistance. Nitride film implants acquire no damage; moreover, nitride spraying can also be used with other types of implants, for example, ceramics. The nitride film gives the metal base additional stability properties, creating a protective layer. The combined use of a titanium implant with titanium nitride spraying (layer thickness no more than 0.1 mm) increases the properties of hardness and wear resistance of implants.Keywords: Nitrogen (N) compounds; Transition metals alloys; Electrical conductivity; Dentistry; Dental implants.