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Laxmianarayana Bairy Kurady
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Current Status of mTOR Inhibitors as Novel Therapeutic Agents Laxmianarayana Bairy Kurady
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume. 9 Issue 6
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase)-related kinase, via two distinct forms – mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 coordinates various extracellular and intracellular signals like growth factors, nutrients, amino acids, energy levels in order to achieve optimum cell growth. mTORC1 regulates protein synthesis, lipid biogenesis, oxygen homeostasis, proliferation, autophagy; mTORC2 plays role in cell survival. Since this pathway controls major cellular processes, its dysregulation is associated with pathological conditions like cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rapamycin, a naturally occurring mTOR inhibitor, along with synthetically derived compounds of rapamycin – rapamycin analogs (rapalogs), produced by chemical modification of parent drug have achieved clinical success in certain tumor subtypes. Rapalogs have shown their own limitations due to development of resistance and activation of feedback pathways, focusing on the need for efficient mTOR inhibition. In this regard, mTORC1/mTORC2 (mTOR Kinase) inhibitors and dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors have shown promising results in various in-vitro tumor models, and are currently in phase I/II of clinical trials. With the better understanding of dynamics of mTOR signaling pathway and its function in tumor microenvironment, mTOR inhibitors may provide a good alternative against advanced and refractory cancers.Keywords: Rapamycin, mTOR, Tuberous sclerosis complex, PI3K, AKT, Rapalogs, Everolimus.
Metformin Attenuates Cognitive Deficits in Experimentally Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Laxmianarayana Bairy Kurady
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of metformin on learning memory inexperimentally induced Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats. A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided in tofive groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as control. In Group 2,3 and 4 Alzheimer’s disease wasinduced by administering aluminum chloride (17 mg/kg) orally to the animals for a period of 4 weeksonce daily. Group 1and 2 received distilled water, group 3 received rivastigmine (0.3mg/kg) and group 4and five received metformin 100mg/kg. All the rats were subjected to passive avoidance test. At the endof the experiment the rats were sacrificed and brain acetylcholinesterase level was estimated.Administration of aluminium chloride resulted in poor learning and memory and this was significantlyreversed by rivastigmine and metformin. In conclusion, the memory impairment induced by aluminumchloride was revered significantly by both rivastigmine and metformin.Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Metformin, Rivastigmine, Passive avoidance test, Acetylcholinesterase.
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