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Mohammad J. Al-Jassani
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Tropaeolum Majus Leaves Extract as an Antifungal, Antiaflatoxigenic and Antiaflatoxin Agent Mohammad J. Al-Jassani
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 12
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Tropaeolum majus‎is widely cultivated both as an ornamental and as a medicinal plant. All parts of the plant are edible and highly nutritive and it was evaluated for its antifungal, anti-oxygenic and anti-aflatoxin activity. T. majus leaves were collected and let to dry in a shady place then grinded. Total of 100g of dry plant was extracted successively with 250 ml of Absolute ethanol. The plant extracts’ anti-fungal activity were tested against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. isolates by disc diffusion method and the MIC, MFC was determined using microdilution method. The microplate fluorescence imaging procedure was used for antiaflatoxin activity test. The ethanoilic extract of T. majus showed high antifungal activity against most selected aflatoxigenic Aspergillus isolates at 100mg/ml of MIC and MFC. The ethanoilic extract of T. majus showed high influence on the inhibition and depression of AFs production genes at MIC of 50mg/ml and MDC at 25mg/ml. The concurrent addition of the ethanoilic extract of T. majus (2 to 0.25mg/ml) to the RBC suspension cased a significant reduction in AFB1-induced hemolysis in a concentration-dependent effect manner. The results showed that 1.5mg/ml of T. majus ethanoilic extract was the best concentration that prevented aflatoxin-induced hemolysis with 100% AFB1 elimination. As a first report, T. majus leaves extract is highly recommended as an additive to the food and feedstuffs as a nutritive, antifungal and antitoxin agent.Keywords: Tropaeolum majus, Antifungal, Antiaflatoxigenic, Antiaflatoxin.
Contamination of Date Fruit by a Flatoxigenic Fungi and a Flatoxins in Hilla City, Iraq Mohammad J. Al-Jassani
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 12
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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The present study aim to evaluate the incidence of fungi (Mainly Aspergillus sp) and Aflatoxins (AFs) contamination in Date fruit Total of 9 most common Date samples belongs to type Zahidi and Shwaythee in addition to date syrup, were collected from the local market of Hilla city and from the general company for Date manufacturing and marketing. Intergenic fungi were isolated by direct plate method and were morphologically identified on specified media. Aflatoxins production by Aspergillus spp. were screened and determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Date samples were analyzed by HPLC for AFs contamination. Total of 158 isolates were isolated from Date samples belonging to different fungal genera. Aspergillus spp. represented 84% of the total isolated mold species. Aspergillus niger was dominant (65%) and A. flavus was only 19%. Of the total A. spp., 16.6% found active in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) production among of which 45.45% belong to A. Niger and 54.54% belong to A. flavus. HPLC shows that 88.8 % of dates fruit samples tested positive for aflatoxins (AFs). As a first report by this study, AFs (AFB1 and AFB2) were detected produced by A. niger isolates by TLC. This is the first report through this study that AFG is produced by both A. niger and A. flavus as detected by HPLC. The results showed that Date fruits are contaminated with total AFs ranged from 5.7 to 274µg/kg.Keywords: Date fruit, Aflatoxin, Aspergillus, TLC, HPLC.
Forensic Systematic Fungal Infection Identification by PCR-DGGE in Human and Chicken Blood Samples Mohammad J. Al-Jassani
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

PCR can act as a key clue in court after fungus infection is determined that give an indication of the source of infection in order to determine either a zoonotic infection and/or a possible bio-terror action in a disease outbreak or poisoning bio-crime. Total of 30 blood samples were collected in the EDTA tube that include (10 healthy (asymptomatic) human blood samples, 10 chicken blood samples and 10 human blood of poultry workers. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed multi-banding pattern for some ‎samples, which means that they are infected with more than one fungal ‎species. Some of these bands (OUT) are shared between human (asymptomatic), Chicken and poultry workers. Periodic fungal infections follow up, using PCR-DGGE technique, for fungal population variation and ‎detection of any new emerging strain, are highly recommended.Keywords: Forensic, Fungal infection, PCR-DGGE.
Aflatoxins and Aflatoxigenic Fungi Contamination of Dried Fruits in Iraqi Market Mohammad J. Al-Jassani
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 9 Issue 10
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Objectives: Studying the incidence of Aspergillus sp. and Aflatoxins (AFs) contamination in dried fruits collected from local market of Hilla city and other origins. Methods: Intergenic fungi were isolated by direct plate method and were morphologically identified on specified media. AFs production by Aspergillus spp. were screened and determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Aspergillus spp. represented 93.33% of the total isolated mold species. A. niger was dominant (79.61%) and A. flavus was only 12.5%. Of the total Aspergillus spp., 54.4% found active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) producers among 85.24% belong to A. niger and 14.75% belong to A. flavus. HPLC shows that 100% of dried fruit samples tested positive for AFs. Conclusion: Through our study the mold isolates showed different AFs production behavior that they are able to produce AFB1 and AFB2 at a pH range (3.1 to 4.5), optimum temperature at range (28-32ºC) and low aw for best AFs production and this needs much concern especially with dried fruit storage and treatment conditions.Keywords: Dried fruit, Aflatoxin, Aflatoxigenic fungi, TLC, HPLC.
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