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Hamzah H. Kzar
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Spectrum of Human Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Physiological Obese Subjects in Babylon Province, Iraq Hamzah H. Kzar
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 01
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Background: A peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals is called growth hormone. In human, growth hormone gene is encoded the protein growth hormone receptor that located on chromosome number 5. Obesity is a condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, such that it can have an adverse effect on health. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. Aim: assessment of spectrum of human growth hormone receptor (HGHR) gene polymorphisms in obese subjects in Babylon province, Iraq. Subjects and Methods: this case-control study included two groups, the first 30 obese subjects (OS) and 30 non-obese subjects (NOS). We investigated GHR genetic polymorphism in both study groups by assessment of the genotyping, Fl/Fl, F1/D3, and D3/D3 of two alleles of GHR. We used allele specific PCR method to investigate the all genotypes and comparing the results with the levels of GH and leptin in serum of study groups. Results: the results of present study showed significant differences (p-value< 0.05) in levels of leptin (LEP) and human growth hormone (HGH) between OS and NOS groups. The genetic results suggested that F1/F1 genotypes have high prevalence in OS compare to NOS (odd ratio was 3.54, CI 95% 1.77-7.94). Conclusion: F1/F1 genotypes have higher levels of leptin and HGH and so it having more risk factor to induce obesity in Babylon population.   Keywords: Human growth hormone, growth hormone receptor, obesity, leptin.
Study the Ascorbic Acid Levels, Lipoprotein Ratio and Hypocholesterolemia Action of Dry Okra Extract on Experimental Model of Locally Male Rabbits Hamzah H. Kzar
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 04.
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. Okra is important for its edible green and dry seed pods. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world. The geographical source of okra now is very available in Iraq. The rabbit rapidly develops severe hypercholesterolemia and decrease in levels of ascorbic acid and increase in ratio of bad cholesterol to good cholesterol in response to dietary manipulation. The results of this study showed that, there was a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol  and lipoprotein ratio for groups of rabbits that administrated with dry okra aqueous extract with its seeds (0.5g/kg) (DOE+ cholesterol oil-fed) as compared to control group( not administrated) at the end of six week of experiment (398±4.0) vs. (175± 5) (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a significant difference in the level of serum total cholesterol (P<0.05) starts in control group treated with cholesterol-oil fed at the end of six week of experiment as compared to cholesterol+ DOE group  (398±4) vs. (543±4). The aqueous extract of dry okra may be enhancing the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver by activation of an enzyme α-hydroxylase. DOE may be having inhibition action on HMG-COA synthase that responsible on endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in liver. Keywords: Dry okra extract, Induce cholesterol. Lipoprotein ratio, Ascorbic acid.
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