Juan José Mora
Universidad de Costa Rica

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Antisense Oligonucleotides: Concepts and Pharmaceutical Applications Ariana Araya; David Arias; Karla Coto; María Rebeca López; Joselyn Rivera; Juan José Mora
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v6i1.2092

Abstract

Antisense oligonucleotides are drugs whose mechanism is based on binding to RNA target sequences. For this purpose, they modify the protein expression through steric hindrance and exon omission. Its production involves several steps: synthesis, purification, and lyophilization. Usually, the most complicated procedure is synthesis due to the chemical reactions necessary to add the required oligonucleotide bases. BP1001, inotersen, nusinersen, eteplirsen, and golodirsen are a few antisense drugs developed for treating neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. Although antisense oligonucleotides present off-target reactions, multiple studies are being performed. The following review shows information regarding the pharmaceutical characteristics for industrial production and the current state of applicability in clinical practice. In conclusion, some molecules have already been approved for commercialization (inotersen, nusinersen, ataluren, eteplirsen, and golodirsen), showing them as promising therapeutic solutions in the short and medium term for disorders developed by specific genetic factors.
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases of the Eye Posterior Segment Catalina Ayón; Daniel Castán; Adrián Mora; Dunia Naranjo; Francini Obando; Juan José Mora
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 5 No. 3 (2022): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i3.2095

Abstract

The eye is an organ that allows us to observe the outside world. Pathologies of the eye's posterior segment, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and retinoblastoma, cause vision loss. Traditional treatments consist of applying topical medications that do not penetrate properly or using high doses that generate adverse effects. Different laser surgeries stop the pathology's progression but do not allow visual improvement. So, an alternative is to use monoclonal antibodies, proteins produced by different processes that selectively bind to metabolites associated with diseases, reducing the adverse effects of traditional treatments and improving the application of the drug in the area. The two main molecular targets are TNF (adalimumab, infliximab, and certolizumab pegol) and VEGF (bevacizumab and ranibizumab); other possibilities are under investigation.