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All Journal Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Metalurgi International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities (IJMESH) Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Mohammad Zaki Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung, Jalan Ganesha, 10, Bandung 40132
Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Improving Gold Recovery from Artificial Preg-Robbing Ore by Pre-treatment using Blinding Agent and Resin-in-Leach Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Irianto, Prasetyo Sandha
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (210.578 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.3.3

Abstract

In the present paper, the effectiveness of the use of blinding agents, ionic exchanger resins and the combination of them in improving gold extraction from simulated preg-robbing ore is discussed. The blinding agents used were kerosene, diesel oil and pine oil, while the ion exchange resins used were Lewatit Monoplus MP 800, Lewatit AF 5 and guanidine. Preg-robbing conditions were simulated by blending fine activated carbon with ore sample. The investigation results show that the presence of artificial carbonaceous materials at 2% (w/w) in the gold ore significantly reduces gold recovery. Pretreatment of artificial preg-robbing ore prior to cyanidation by mixing with kerosene, diesel oil and pine oil for 0.5h improved gold recovery up to 25.4%. A combination of pre-treatment using blinding agent and a resin in leach (RIL) test using Lewatit MP 800 resin demonstrated a synergistic effect that improves gold recovery up to a level of 99.5%,which is significantly higher than using activated carbon and without pretreatment.
STUDI PERILAKU PELINDIAN BIJIH NIKEL LIMONIT DARI PULAU HALMAHERA DALAM LARUTAN ASAM NITRAT [Study on the Leaching Behaviour of Limonite Nickel Ore From Halmahera Island in Nitric Acid Solution] Fathoni, Mohammad Wildanil; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 3 (2015): Metalurgi Vol. 30 No. 3 Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (598.092 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v30i3.42

Abstract

pelindian bijih nikel laterit maupun meregenerasi reagen pelindi menjadi fokus perhatian peneliti dan dunia industri dalam beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Salahsatu teknologi yang dikembangkan adalah pelindian bijih nikel laterit asam nitrat, dimana >95% asam nitrat yang digunakan dapat diregenerasi kembali. Pada paper ini didiskusikan perilaku pelindian bijih nikel laterit yang diperoleh dari Pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat. Serangkaian percobaan pelindian dalam larutan asam nitrat telah dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi asam nitrat, persen padatan dan temperatur. Analisis ekeperimental faktorial desain 23 digunakan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel temperatur, konsentrasi asam dan persen padatan serta interaksi antara variabel-variabel tersebut dalam proses pelindian. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi Ni tertinggi yaitu 94% diperoleh pada pelindian selama 8 jam dengan konsentrasi asam 6M, 10% padatan dan temperatur 95°C. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh pada ekstraksi Ni adalah temperatur dengan persen kontribusi mencapai 78%. Selektivitas (S) pelindian Ni terhadap Fe dan Mg relatif rendah, dengan nilai rata-rata SNi/Fe dan SNi/Mg masing-masing 0,53 dan 0,50. Konsumsi asam cukup tinggi, dimana konsumsi tertinggi pada temperatur 95°C, konsentrasi asam 4M dan 10% padatan yaitu 1010 kgh./ton biji. AbstractEfforts to reduce the consumption of leaching agent either by increasing selectivity of nickel laterite oreleaching and regeneration of the leaching agent, are being the focus of researchers and industries in recentyears. One of technologies that is developed is the leaching of laterite ore in nitric acid, through which morethan 95% of nitric acid being used can be regenerated.In this paper, leaching behavior of nickel laterite orefrom Halmahera Island is discussed. A series of leaching experiments in nitric acid solution has been carriedout under variations of nitric acid concentration, solid percentage and temperature. Analysis usingexperimental factorial design of 23 was performed to determine the effects of temperature, acid concentrationand solid percentage as well as the interaction between these variables toward nickel extraction duringleaching. The experimental results show that the highest nickel extraction of 94%, was obtained from theleaching test for 8 hours using acid concentration of 6 M, 10% solid at temperature of 95 °C. The mostinfluencing variable on nickel extraction is temperature with contribution of 78%. Selectivity of Ni leachingto Fe and Mg is relatively low, with average values of SNi/Fe and SNi/Mg of 0.53 and 0.50, respectively.Acid consumption in leaching process is relatively high, which the highest consumption was at leachingtemperature of 95°C, acid concentration 4 M and 10% solid, namely 1010 kg/ton ore.
Studi Kinetika Pelindian Bijih Nikel Limonit Dari Pulau Halmahera Dalam Larutan Asam Nitrat [Kinetics Study of Nickel Limonite Ore Leaching from Halmahera Island in Nitric Acid Solution] Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Fathoni, Muhammad Wildanil
Metalurgi Vol 31, No 1 (2016): Metalurgi Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (525.871 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v31i1.103

Abstract

One of the recent developments in the extraction of nickel from laterite ore by hydrometallurgical route is to use leaching reagent which can be regenerated, such as hydrochloric and nitric acids. Although the success of leaching of laterite ore has been reported, leaching kinetics study of laterite ore in nitric acid is stillpoorly published. In this paper, the results of leaching kinetics analysis of nickel laterite ore of limonite type from Halmahera Island in nitric acid solution at atmospheric pressure is discussed. The purposes of the kinetics study are to determine rate-determining step, kinetic parameters (i.e. reaction rate constant or diffusion coefficient), activation energy and the kinetics model. Leaching kinetics was studied by adopting shrinking core models (SCM). The analysis results reveal that the leaching rate of Halmahera limonite ore from Halmahera Island in nitric acid is controlled by diffusion through solid layer product with effective diffusion coefficient (De) of 2,1- 8,55 x 10-10 m2/s at the temperature range of 65-95 °C and activation energy of 46.78kJ/mol.AbstrakSalah satu perkembangan terkini proses ekstraksi nikel dari bijih laterit dengan jalur hidrometalurgi adalah dengan menggunakan reagen pelindi yang dapat diregenerasi, seperti asam klorida dan asam nitrat. Meskipun keberhasilan proses pelindian bijih nikel laterit dalam asam nitrat telah dipublikasikan, studi kinetika pelindian bijih nikel laterit dalam asam nitrat masih terbatas. Dalam paper ini dipresentasikan hasil analisis kinetika pelindian bijih nikel laterit tipe limonit dari Pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat pada tekanan atmosfer. Studi kinetika pelindian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengendali laju reaksi, parameter kinetika (konstanta laju reaksi atau koefisien difusi), energi aktivasi reaksi dan persamaan kinetikanya. Kinetika pelindian dipelajari dengan menggunakan model shrinking core (SCM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengendali laju reaksi pada pelindian bijih limonit dari Pulau Halmahera dalam larutan asam nitrat adalah difusi melalui lapisan produk padat yang tidak/belum bereaksi dengan koefisien difusi efektif (De) sebesar 2,1- 8,55 x 10-10 m2/s pada rentang suhu 65-95oC serta energi aktivasi sebesar 46,78 kJ/mol.
PELINDIAN REDUKTIF BIJIH MANGAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MOLASES DALAM SUASANA ASAM[Reductive Leaching of Manganese Ore from East Nusa Tenggara With Molasses in Sulfuric Acid Solution] Sumardi, Slamet; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Saleh, Nuryadi; Firdiyono, F
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 3 (2012): Metalurgi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (375.517 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v27i3.239

Abstract

PELINDIAN REDUKTIF BIJIH MANGAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKANMOLASES DALAM SUASANA ASAM . Mangan merupakan logam keempat yang sering digunakan dalamkehidupan sehari-hari selain besi,aluminium dan tembaga. Penggunaan lain dari mangan adalah sebagai bahankimia, desinfektan dan oksidator. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengambilan logam mangan dari bijihmangan daerah Kupang Nusa tenggara Timur dengan metode pelindian reduktif dalam suasana asam sulfat.Agen pereduksi yang digunakan berupa limbah pabrik gula tebu yang dinamakan molases. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi asam sulfat, suhu pelindian dan persen solid terhadap persenekstraksi mangan dan persen ekstraksi keterlarutan besi. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi bijih mangan yaitudengan cara mereduksi ukuran hingga mesh 140 dan dilakukan analisa komposisi kandungan logam sampelbijih dengan menggunakan XRF (x-ray fluorescence). Sejumlah sampel bijih mangan dimasukkan ke dalamreaktor pelindian yang telah berisi asam sulfat dan molases. Variasi percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah konsentrasi reagen pelindi yaitu asam sulfat, suhu pelindian dan persen solid yang digunakan.Pelindian yang bersifat reduktif ini dilakukan selama 6 jam dengan kecepatan pengadukan dibuat tetap yaitu 200rpm. Persen ekstraksi mangan tertinggi untuk percobaan pelindian reduktif bijih mangan dengan molases sebagaiagen pereduksi dalam suasana asam sulfat sebesar 95,33%. Hasil ini dicapai pada konsentrasi asam sulfat 6%,suhu pelindian 70 °C, persen solid 10%, molases yang digunakan 100g/L, kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm danwaktu pelindian 6 jam. AbstractManganese is the fourth most used metal in daily lives besides iron, aluminium and copper. Other usage ofmanganese is for chemical raw material disinfectant and chemical oxidizing. This experiment was done inKupang, East Nusa Tenggara to extract manganese from manganese ores by reductive leaching in sulfuricacid conditions. Molasses as waste from sugarcane factory is used as redactor. The purpose of thisexperiment is to measure the impact of sulfuric acid concentration, leaching temperature and solid percentageon percentage of manganese extraction and percentage of iron solubility extraction. This experiment ispreparing manganese ores by reducing into 140 mesh and analyze ores compositions using XRF. Someamounts of manganese ores are inserting into leaching reactor which contains sulfuric acid and molasses.Variables in this experiment are leaching concentration (sulfuric acid), leaching temperature and solidpercentage. This leaching is reductive in 6 hours with constant speed 200 rpm. Leaching solution is filteredto separate filtrate with from obtained residue. Filtrate is analyzed using AAS to measure manganese andiron content. Meanwhile residue is dried and weighed. We conclude that manganese extraction onmanganese ores from Kupang, NTT can be carried by reductive leaching using molasses as reductive agenton sulfuric acid media. The highest manganese extraction for this experiment is 95, 33 % which can beachieved by using 6% sulfuric acid, 70 oC temperature, 10 % solid, 100 g/L molasses,200 rpm mixing speedand 6 hours of leaching .
ANODISASI PADUAN AL 2024 T3 DENGAN METODE PULSE CURRENT DALAM LARUTAN ASAM TARTARAT-SULFAT (TSA) [A Preliminary Study of Corrosion for Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallic Compound With Various Temperatures in Neutral Sodium Chloride Solution] Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Wahyudi, Soleh; Oddang, Fitrian; Suharto, Sutarno
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 3 (2015): Metalurgi Vol. 30 No. 3 Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (894.011 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v30i3.43

Abstract

Sebagai alternatif proses anodisasi konvensional dalam larutan asam sulfat dan asam kromat, telah dikembangkan proses anodisasi dalam larutan asam tartarat-sulfat (TSA) untuk mendapatkan proses yang lebih ramah lingkungan dengan durasi yang lebih singkat dan menghasilkan morfologi lapisan anodize serta ketahanan korosi yang lebih baik pada paduan aluminium. Pada paper ini dipresentasikan hasil-hasil percobaan anodisasi paduan Al 2024 T3 dalam larutan asam tartarat-sulfat dengan metode pulse current dan didiskusikan  pengaruh temperatur, tegangan, dan lama waktu anodisasi terhadap berat dan ketebalan lapisan anodize serta ketahanan korosi lapisan anodize. Hasil analisis variansi (ANOVA) 3 faktor menunjukkan urutan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tebal dan berat lapisan anodize setelah sealing secara berurutan adalah temperatur, tegangan sel, dan lama waktu anodisasi. Ketebalan lapisan anodize sebanding dengan rapat arus dan waktu anodisasi yang dipengaruhi oleh temperatur dan tegangan. Berdasarkan hasil response surface dan contour plot pengaruh temperatur dan tegangan terhadap rapat arus, ketebalan dan berat lapisan anodize serta jumlah pit yang terbentuk setelah uji sembur garam selama 336 jam, kondisi proses anodisasi Al 2024 T3 dengan metode pulse current yang disarankan adalah pada selang temperatur 23-30oC dengan tegangan sel 7,3 - 10 V dan waktu proses selama 30 menit. Abstract The intermetallic compound of Ni3(Si,Ti) containing L12 single phase, have been applied as a candidate forhigh temperature material. This prelimenary study have been investigated using immersion test andpolarization test in neutral 0.5 M NaCl solution at ambient temperature,of 40 °C and 60 °C, where themorfology of the corroded spesimens were observed by scanning electron microscope. The susceptibility ofintergranular corrosion for this compound increases with increasing the temperature of solutions. Theincrease of temperature contributes for the diffulty of stable film formation with decreasing passive regions.The corrosion resistance of the compound decreased with increasing temperature test. It is implies thatintergranular attack of the compound took place due to the presence of boron in grain boundaries.
Assessment of Indonesia’s Mineral Value-Added Policy: A Literature Review and Future Research Agenda Firmanto, Andri Budhiman; Wibisono, Dermawan; Siallagan, Manahan Parlindungan Saragih; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki
International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): July - December Issue
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/ijmesh.v8i1.2376

Abstract

This study addresses a gap in Indonesia’s mineral-downstream policy research by identifying the optimal policy scenario for enhancing the added value of primary metal mineral commodities. This research examines competitive and comparative advantages and economic impacts using system dynamics modeling. Initially, qualitative interviews are conducted to identify elements affecting domestic refining facilities’ growth, followed by quantitative surveys and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize factors fostering these advantages. Findings suggest that developing existing theories to fit Indonesia’s specific context is crucial, and focus group discussions with key mining company decision makers are recommended to develop relevant indices. This method evaluates policy options to determine those offering the most significant economic advantage for each mineral type by analyzing unique characteristics and mapping them to suitable policies. Integrating competitive and comparative advantages into the mineral-added value policy context maximizes economic returns and provides practical recommendations for policymakers, addressing a critical gap in the literature.
Studi Ekstraksi Bijih Thorit dengan Metode Digesti Asam dan Pemisahan Thorium dari Logam Tanah Jarang dengan Metode Oksidasi-Presipitasi Selektif Said, Moch Iqbal Nur; Anggraini, Mutia; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Widana, Kurnia Setiawan
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 38 No. 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3930

Abstract

Thorium (Th) is a radioactive metal that can be formed along with uranumand rare earth metals (REM). Minerals contain radioactive elements are monazite ((Ce,La,Y,U/Th)PO4), thorianite ((Th,U)O2), and thorite (ThSiO4). Mamuju Area is containing radioactive minerals, thorite is one of them. To separate REM from radioactive elements can be conducted by exctracting thorium from thorite ore by acid digestion method using sulphuric acid (H2SO4), followed by leaching and thorium recovery in the form of thorium hydroxide by chemical precipitation using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions of acid digestion that give the highest Th extraction percentage on solid to liquid ratio are obtained at 1:2 (g/mL) in 60 minutes with extraction percentages of Th, iron (Fe) and REM are 82.47%, 80.08%, and 83.31% respectively. The highest thorium precipitation percentage, as much as 95.47% , was obtained at pH 4.5 on room temperature (26 ± 1°C). At higher temperature (70°C), a lower percentage of thorium precipitation is obtained, as much as 83.69%. Pre-oxidation by using H2O2 solution with two times stoichiometry for 1.5 hours at room temperature is increasing Fe precipitation percentage from 93.08% to 99.93%.
Studi Pemisahan Thorium dari Besi dan Logam Tanah Jarang dalam Larutan Asam Nitrat dengan Ekstraksi Pelarut Menggunakan Ekstraktan Trioctylphosphine Oxide Briliant Briliant; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Prassanti, Riesna
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 38 No. 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3924

Abstract

A series of solvent extraction experiment to separate thorium(Th) from iron (Fe) and rare earth metals (REE) using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) conducted with variations of nitric acid concentration, extraction time, ratio between exctractan and diluent (g/mL), and ratio between organic solution and aqueous solution volumes (O/A), and variation of nictric acid concentration in stripping process. Thorium, iron and rare earth metals early concentration in solution feed were measured by using Inductively Coupling Plasma (ICP), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), dan Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS Spectro) respectively. The nitric acid concentration was varied at 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, and 5M. The extraction time was varied at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, meanwhile the ratio between extractan and diluent (g/mL) was varied at 2:100, 3:100, 4:100, 5:100, and 6:100 with O/A ratio at 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. At stripping stage, the nitric acid concentration was varied at 0.1M; 0.2M; 0.3M; 0.4M; and 0.5M. The result of the experiments show that the best condition was obtained on 3M nitric acid concentration, 10 minutes extraction time, 5:100 (g/mL) extractan and diluent ratio, and 1:1 O/A ratio, that resulted in 97.26% Th extraction, 7.97% Fe extraction, and 62.15% rare earth metals extraction with βTh-Fe and βTh-REE value 273.62 and 14.43 respectively. On the stripping experiment, the highest Th stripping percentage obtained as much as 51.37% at 0.3M nitric acid concentration with Fe and REE stripping percentage up to 2.72% and 2.55% respectively.
Pelindian Logam Tanah Jarang dari Terak Timah dengan Asam Klorida setelah Proses Fusi Alkali Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Mellawati, June; Ani, Budi Yuli
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 37 No. 1 (2016): MEI 2016
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2016.37.1.2719

Abstract

Tin slag, a waste product from tin smelting process, has a potency to be utilized further by extracting the valuable metals inside, such as rare earth elements(REE). The objective of this study is to determine the optimum leaching condition of REE from tin slag after alkali fusion. Silica structure in slag is causing the direct leaching uneffective. Therefore, pre-treatment step using alkali fusion is required to break the structure of silica and to increase the porosity of slag. Fusion is conducted in 2 hours at 700 oC, with ratio of natrium hidroxide (NaOH) : slag = 2 : 1. Later, frit which is leached by water then leached by chloride acid to dissolve REE. As much as 87,5% of REE is dissolved at 2 M on chloride acid (HCl) concentration, in 40o C temperature, -325 mesh particle size, 15g/100ml of S/L, 150 rpm of agitation speed, and 5 minutes of leaching time.
Co-Authors Briliant Briliant Budi Yuli Ani, Budi Yuli Dermawan Wibisono Fathoni, Mohammad Wildanil Fathoni, Muhammad Wildanil firdiyono, F Firmanto, Andri Budhiman June Mellawati Kurnia Setiawan Widana Kurnia Trinopiawan Mutia Anggraini Nuryadi Saleh, Nuryadi Oddang, Fitrian Prasetyo Sandha Irianto, Prasetyo Sandha Riesna Prassanti Said, Moch Iqbal Nur Siallagan, Manahan Parlindungan Saragih Slamet Sumardi, Slamet Suharto, Sutarno Wahyudi, Soleh