Article Per Year (5 Year)
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Khajidmaa Otgonbaatar
Mongolian National Institute for Educational Research
Humanities Education Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Development and validation of a competence model for educational researcher in the Mongolian context Itgel Miyejav; Khajidmaa Otgonbaatar; Purev Ochir
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v12i2.24319

Abstract

In the 21st century, competences of educational researchers become increasingly complex and highly significant. Although various discussions and competencies have been for researchers in general, no frameworks have been devised specifically for educational researchers. This study aimed to establish a competence model for educational researcher (CMfER). The dimensions and items were created from a conceptual analysis of the literature, in-depth interviews, and focus interviews. Eight experts in the field of educational research evaluated the content validity. The reliability and validity of the CMfER were examined utilizing a sample of 240 Mongolian educational researchers. The 24-item four factor model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the results showed adequate model fits. The factor loadings of the model were substantially significant, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was well above the threshold value, suggesting that the items were internally consistent and reliable. Overall, the results shown that the CMfER can be used as a reliable and valid data collection tool in future studies in which educational researchers’ competences are examined.
Cost analysis and nutritional adequacy of school meal programs and dormitory food expenses in Mongolia Bayarbaatar Adiyasuren; Khajidmaa Otgonbaatar; Battsengel Bayarsaikhan; Batkhurel Gombodorj
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.24551

Abstract

This study evaluates the adequacy of funding for Mongolia’s school meal programs and dormitory food provisions, focusing on nutritional standards, current expenditure levels, and structural cost drivers. Using normative budget analysis, inflation-adjusted cost modeling, and empirical field data from selected schools, the study examines whether existing allocations meet national nutrition standards and assesses the economic implications of funding shortfalls. The findings reveal substantial gaps. Observed school lunches provided approximately 27% of students’ daily energy requirements, below the national target of approximately 35%, while current dormitory meal allocations were estimated to cover approximately 55-77% of the cost required to meet full daily nutritional needs, depending on grade level. In addition to rising food prices, operational expenditures, particularly labor and associated social insurance contributions, significantly increase the effective per-student cost. Regional differences and seasonal constraints further influence procurement expenses and dietary diversity, especially in remote areas with transportation limitations. The ingredient-based funding gap is estimated at approximately Mongolian Tugriks (MNT) 60 billion annually; total financing requirements would be higher once operational costs are incorporated. Policy recommendations include revising funding norms to incorporate operational costs, indexing allocations to inflation, introducing regionally responsive adjustments, and strengthening meal management systems to sustainably meet nutritional targets.
Co-Authors Batkhurel Gombodorj Battsengel Bayarsaikhan Bayarbaatar Adiyasuren Itgel Miyejav Purev Ochir