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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia Prosiding SNTTM
Warjito
Universitas Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Performance of pico-scale turgo turbine bucket using coconut shells spoons with variations inlet angle and nozzle distance to hydraulic efficiency Muhammad Faridz Athaya; Warjito; Budiarso; Ridho Irwansyah; Muhamad Agil Fadhel; Muhammad Mizan
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia
Publisher : Badan Kerja Sama Teknik Mesin Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36289/jtmi.v18i1.429

Abstract

The United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) has a main agenda, namely evaluating COP21, where the main target of COP21 is to maintain global temperature changes below 2 degrees Celsius (MoEF, 2021). Indonesia itself is committed to zero carbon emissions by 2060, and the target of a renewable energy mix by 2025 is 23%. Indonesia’s own renewable energy potential is 443 GW [13], but not all renewable energy can be used in some areas that have terrain problems. Picohydro turbines are suitable for choice, because these turbines have a relatively constant supply, can be placed in reservoirs and rivers, and are also not dependent on weather. Among several types of picohydro, the Turgo Turbine is a suitable turbine to choose, because it has cheap construction and maintenance costs, and only requires a low head. This study aims to determine the effect of changes in the inlet angle and nozzle distance on the hydraulic efficiency of turgo turbines with coconut shell blades. Variations in the entry angle are carried out, namely 10°, 20°, 30° and distance variations, namely 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the greatest hydraulic efficiency is at a variation in the entry angle of 10° with a nozzle distance of 100 mm, that is, numerically by 49%, and experimentally by 41.8%.
Comparative performance of submerged and non-submerged pico-Scale crossflow water turbine Alifarsya Ihsan Maulana; Warjito; Budiarso
Prosiding SNTTM Vol 23 No 1 (2025): SNTTM XXIII October 2025
Publisher : BKS-TM Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71452/d1gjke23

Abstract

Indonesia’s abundant renewable energy potential. has driven the nation to shift toward clean energy, including small-scale hydropower systems like picohydro. With capacities under 5 kW, picohydro systems are ideal for remote areas due to their simplicity and low operational costs. Crossflow turbines are commonly used for their efficiency under low-head and fluctuating-flow conditions. This study compares turbine performance under three submergence conditions: unsubmerged, partially submerged, and fully submerged. Two methods were employed: analytical calculations (based on velocity triangles to determine speed, torque, and efficiency) and numerical simulations using CFD software ANSYS Fluent. The turbine geometry was modeled in Autodesk Inventor, with a focus on key performance parameters such as torque, power output, and efficiency. Results show that submergence level significantly affects turbine performance. The unsubmerged condition yielded the highest efficiency and power output, as the nozzle flow enters without downstream fluid resistance, allowing optimal energy transfer to the blades. In contrast, partial and full submergence introduced backpressure zones, air pockets, and vortices that increased drag and reduced net torque. Although absolute torque tended to rise due to greater fluid interaction, the RPM decreased, and energy losses increased, resulting in reduced overall power and efficiency.
Co-Authors Alifarsya Ihsan Maulana Budiarso Muhamad Agil Fadhel Muhammad Faridz Athaya Muhammad Mizan Ridho Irwansyah