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All Journal Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Yong Tat Lim
Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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Methods to Determine Ductility of Structural Members: A Review Jen Hua Ling; Yong Tat Lim; Euniza Jusli
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 2 (May 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.6631

Abstract

Ductility plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of a structure, as its inadequacy can lead to sudden and brittle failure. Despite its significance, there is no explicit method for determining, leading to inconsistency and confusion in selecting appropriate techniques. Misjudging a structure’s ductile behaviour can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, this study examined several preliminary studies and identified twenty-one methods for computing ductility indices. These indices were categorized into three types, namely conventional, displacement-based, and energy-based. The conventional ductility indices are commonly applied to steel-reinforced members, deformation-based ductility indices to FRP-reinforced members, and energy-based ductility indices to earthquake-resistant and static-load structures. Conventional ductility indices are specific to ductile reinforcements, while displacement-based and energy-based ductility indices apply to both ductile and non-ductile reinforcements. However, different calculation methods can lead to significant variations in the computed ductility, particularly for those involving the first crack, and load factor, thereby leading to different ductility requirements for ensuring structural safety. Additionally, not all methods are explicit, and it is crucial to avoid indiscriminately applying requirements from one method to another.
Flexural and Shear Strength of RC Beam with Embedded Polystyrenes Jen Hua Ling; Danson Tzet Lung Tan; Yong Tat Lim
Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Cantilever
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35139/cantilever.v15i1.653

Abstract

This study examines the structural performance and material efficiency of reinforced concrete (RC) beams embedded with trapezoidal polystyrene, tested under flexural and shear loadings. The integration of polystyrene aims to reduce concrete volume while maintaining structural integrity. Twelve specimens were tested under four-point static loading, including five different polystyrene configurations and one control specimen for each loading type. Performance was evaluated based on load-displacement behavior, structural capacity, and material efficiency (i.e., strength gain vs concrete volume reduction). Results indicate that beams incorporating polystyrene remain functional. However, not all configurations increased load-bearing capacity; for example, PB5 showed decreased capacity. Performance is significantly influenced by the geometry of the embedded polystyrene, with increasing width having a more detrimental effect than depth. Among the specimens, PB2 exhibited the best overall performance, achieving 10% higher flexural capacity and 18% greater shear capacity despite a 10% reduction in concrete volume, resulting in 22% and 31% higher material efficiency under flexural and shear loadings, respectively. Some specimens, such as PB5, showed decreased capacity. These gains, however, were offset by lower cracking resistance and reduced ductility, which could limit the beam’s serviceability and affect its suitability for structural applications requiring high deformation capacity or crack control. Despite its potential, the use of polystyrene in RC beams presents practical challenges, including the study’s limited replication, construction complexity, and fire safety concerns, which must be addressed before broader implementation in structural applications.
Co-Authors Danson Tzet Lung Tan Euniza Jusli Jen Hua Ling Jen Hua Ling