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All Journal ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Triana Kusumaningsih
Sebelas Maret University
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Phloroglucinol Compounds and Their Derivatives: Comparison of FTIR, NMR, and Bioactivity Characterization as Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Agents Sevi Dwi Cahyani; Triana Kusumaningsih; Maulidan Firdaus; Wahyu Eko Prasetyo
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 22, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.22.1.109425.1-39

Abstract

Research on phloroglucinol (PG) and its derivatives has been extensively pursued over the past three decades. PG compounds are found in many plants, such as in the genus Callopyillum, the genus Hypericum, Eucalyptus kino, and brown algae. PG compounds have a symmetrical compound structure and contain many electrons distributed across three active sites, making them very advantageous for electrophilic aromatic substitution. PG has biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and others. PG bioactivity can be increased by synthesizing PG derivatives using various synthetic methods. The addition of an active group to PG can affect its bioactivity, properties, and characteristics, as well as its polarity and lipophilicity. This study aims to collect data on (1) Comparison of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of various PG derivative compounds, (2) Comparison of PG bioactivity and its derivatives as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer compounds. PG compounds and their derivatives have been shown to exhibit antibacterial effects against several bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and MRSA. Furthermore, PG derivatives exhibit antioxidant properties, as evidenced by their low IC50 values, and have demonstrated anticancer activity against cancer cell lines such as A549, MCF-7, and HTC-116. The findings of this study have the potential to assist researchers in developing new drugs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT Computational Study of Cu(II) Complex with 3-Hydroxybenzoate Fastabiqul Khoirot; Muhammad David Julian Syach; Sentot Budi Rahardjo; Triana Kusumaningsih
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 22, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.22.1.114305.106-116

Abstract

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and density functional theory (DFT) computational study of Cu(II) complexes with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid ligands. The synthesis process was carried out by reacting CuCl₂·2H₂O with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid ligands in methanol, refluxing for 3 hours, and allowing the mixture to stand until complex precipitation formed. The complex formula was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and molar conductivity measurements (41 S·cm2·mol-1), indicating that Cl⁻ acts as a counterion and that the complex formula is [Cu(3-hydroxybenzoate)2]Cl2·4H2O. The complex exhibits a single electronic absorption peak at 914 nm, indicating ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and d-d transitions, consistent with a distorted square-planar geometry. The infrared spectrum shows a phenolic –OH band, indicating that –OH is not deprotonated. Computational methods were used to reveal the electronic structure and molecular geometry, and to verify the experimental data. This complex forms a distorted square planar structure.
Co-Authors Annisa Istiqomah Fastabiqul Khoirot Maulidan Firdaus Maulidan Firdaus Muhammad David Julian Syach Sabella Vegasty Sentot Budi Rahardjo Sevi Dwi Cahyani Wahyu Eko Prasetyo