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V. O. Ogunsola
International Business School (IBS), Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Venlo, Netherlands
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Ethno-Tribal Alienation, Anti-Bullet Charms, and other Factors in the Resurgence of Militancy in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria F. A. Ojong; G. E. Odika; J. O. Emeka; D. C. Enamhe; A. M. Ogaboh Agba; A. I. Akintola; V. O. Ogunsola
ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : PT ARRUS Intelektual Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/soshum1675

Abstract

The resurgence of militant groups and the prevailing insecurity situation in the Niger Delta region is the concern of this study. The incessant bombing and vandalisation of oil installation, kidnapping, robbery, etc, has crippled socio-economic activities in the region and Nigeria at large. Although, there exists reports and studies on insecurity in the Niger Delta region, none has provided complete empirical and quantitative account on the effects of ethno-tribal alienation, proliferation of small arms, anti-bullet charms, and amnesty policy inconsistency on the re-emergence of militancy in the Niger Delta region. This knowledge gap justified the relevance of this study. Thus, this study is design to establish the connects between proliferation of small arms, anti-bullet charms, ethno-tribal alienation, amnesty policy inconsistency, insecurity of local chiefs, and the resurgence of militant groups. Findings revealed that Ethno-tribal alienation, proliferation of arms, anti-bullet charms, amnesty policy inconsistency, and insincerity of local chiefs are among the key factors responsible for re-emergence of militancy in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Participants noted that they are aware of the potential for repressive and harsh military action as a result of their actions, thus, the study recommended among others that authorities take a more inclusive approach in dealing with the crisis
Effect of the Re-Emergence of Militancy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria F. M. Attah; G. E. Anagbogu; F. E. Ojong; G. E. Odinka; D. C. Enamhe; A. M. Ogabo Agba; A. I. Akintola; Pius U. Angioha; V. O. Ogunsola
ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : PT ARRUS Intelektual Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/soshum1667

Abstract

Small and medium scale enterprises are the forces that help in the development of any economy and society at large. As such, any threat to its operations will impact negatively on society. In the Niger Delta region, the re-emergence of militancy has had dire consequence on the living standard of the people. Though, there have been studies on insecurity and its impact on SMEs elsewhere, however, none have really looked at the effect of the re-emergence of militancy on small and medium scale enterprises in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The rear absence of studies on this topic justifies the relevance of this study. Consequently, the study is designed to investigate among others, the effect of the re-emergence of militancy on small and medium enterprises in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results of the study provide a better understanding of the impact the Niger Delta militant has on SMEs in the region, the extent to which the costs of re-emergence identified are present in the study. The findings suggest that SMEs especially the oil and gas related businesses, and petite traders in the Niger Delta have suffered from both direct and indirect costs of the militant such as kidnapping, bombing, assassination, robbery, and road blocking. The lack of alignment of militant interests by programme leaders explains why some beneficiaries have returned to insurgency in the Niger Delta Region. Therefore, for post amnesty programme, there is need to strengthen the legitimacy of the leadership through better management, openness and accountability, monitoring and coordination, lowering the expense of governance, and putting ex-militants' interests at the forefront of concerns are all needed to increase the legitimacy of the leadership
Co-Authors A. I. Akintola A. I. Akintola A. M. Ogabo Agba A. M. Ogaboh Agba D. C. Enamhe D. C. Enamhe F. A. Ojong F. E. Ojong F. M. Attah G. E. Anagbogu G. E. Odika G. E. Odinka J. O. Emeka Pius U. Angioha