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Richard Tjan, Richard
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The benefits of physical activity for old and young Tjan, Richard
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.i-ii

Abstract

There is now ample scientific evidence that elderly persons, will benefit from physical activity in a similar manner as the younger generations. Regular physical activity of at least moderate intensity reduces the risk of cardiovascular major events, leading to the conclusion that physical inactivity is a major cardiovascular risk factor. The underlying molecular mechanism may be that moderate physical activity leads to a reduction of oxidative stress.(1) In a prospective cohort of 21,094 men (mean age, 53 years) without known coronary heart disease at baseline in the Physicians’ Health Study, it was shown that vigorous physical activity (defined as ‘exercise to the point of breaking a sweat’) was associated with a decreased risk of heart failure, whereas elevated BMI (even in the pre-obese range) was associated with an increased risk.(2) Numerous studies have also demonstrated the benefits of daily physical activity for the elderly in maintaining functional independence, defined as ‘the capacity to carry out activities of daily living’. Paterson and Warburton in 2010 conducted a systematic review of the relationship between physical activity of healthy community-dwelling elderly (age range 66 - 84 years) and functional limitations, disability, or loss of independence by analysis of prospective cohort studies reported in the literature. Among 2,309 citations from electronic bibliographical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus) the investigators analyzed 66 prospective studies and concluded that “regular aerobic activity and short-term exercise programmes confer a reduced risk of functional limitations and disability in older age”.
Dietary salt reduction for control of hypertension Tjan, Richard
Universa Medicina Vol 30, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.71-72

Abstract

In developed as well as developing countries, the four main factors affecting blood pressure are high salt intake, low potassium intake, overweight, and low physical activity level. This is also true for the increase in blood pressure with advancing age, occurring in all societies. It is now accepted that excess dietary salt raises blood pressure levels, whereas dietary salt reduction reduces blood pressure and prevents vascular complications.(1) The effect of salt on blood pressure is presumably due to the inability of the kidneys to excrete large amounts of salt, as humans are evolutionary adapted to ingest and excrete less than 1 gram of salt per day.(2) In this connection it should be noted that the more important element in common salt (sodium chloride) is the sodium ion, and any restrictions applying to common salt also apply to all food items that contain sodium ions, such as sodium glutamate and baking soda.
Global emergence of Zika virus Tjan, Richard
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.1-2

Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae), which includes dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Zika virus was isolated in 1947, in the Zika forest near Kampala, Uganda, from one of the rhesus monkeys used as sentinel animals in a yellow fever research program.
Global viral hepatitis elimination by the year 2030 Tjan, Richard
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.143-145

Abstract

According to a report by Stanaway et al.(1) in 2016, the absolute burden and relative rank of viral hepatitis increased between 1990 and 2013. For example, the number of global deaths due to viral hepatitis increased from 0.89 million to 1.45 million, indicating a need for its reduction. In this connection, on 28 May 2016 the 69th World Health Assembly adopted the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis for the period 2016–2021,(2) as outlined in the report A69/32 of the Secretariat,(3) with the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis B and C by the year 2030. The global health sector strategy (GHSS) on viral hepatitis has constructed a roadmap toward the elimination of viral hepatitis B and C, targeting five priority prevention and treatment interventions. Prevention involves universal hepatitis B immunization of infants, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, increased injection safety and blood safety, and increased harm reduction, the implementation of which will contribute toward universal health coverage, which is the target for Goal 3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In combination with treatment of chronic hepatitis, the goal is to achieve by the year 2030 a reduction in the incidence of viral hepatitis by 90% and mortality by 65%.(3,4)
The third millennium dementia epidemic Tjan, Richard
Universa Medicina Vol 37, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2018.v37.1-2

Abstract

The global dementia epidemic now and in the future is mainly caused by the steady increase in the population of older persons, where around 2 billion people will be 60 years of age and older by 2050.(1,2) As a consequence, in that year  there will be 135 million people with dementia, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where 60% of the more than 47 million cases (2015 estimate) are living now.(2)
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