Eunike Alicia Valentina
Universitas Tarumanagara

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Kasus Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Stunting pada An.Sw dengan Pendekatan Kedokteran Keluarga di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sindang Jaya Eunike Alicia Valentina; Rayhan Al-ghifari Iridansyah Siregar; Hania Angelia; Tom Surjadi
Malahayati Nursing Journal Vol 5, No 8 (2023): Volume 5 Nomor 8 2023
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mnj.v5i8.9535

Abstract

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The highest mortality occurs in children aged under five years old, particularly those who are malnourished. In 2021, Indonesia is ranked second for country with the highest TB incidence, with a total of 42.187 TB cases in children. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by malnutrition and recurrent infection, especially in the first thousand days of life. Stunting inhibits physical growth, increasing susceptibility to disease, and interferes with child cognitive development, thereby reducing child’s intelligence and productivity in the future. Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2021 showed that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 24,4%, which is still considered high. Family medicine approach to increase growth and development, treat and prevent infection, prevent cognitive impairment of An. SW in the future. This research utilized a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The case in this study is a 14-month-old female toddler with the initials SW who presented with recurrent acute respiratory infections. An. SW was born prematurely with low birth weight and her mother was a 16-year-old teenager. Upon conducting an anthropometric examination, An. SW was found to be severely stunted. Holistic and comprehensive treatment has been done to An. SW, so that her complaints are reduced, her weight is increasing, and now she has received adequate treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis with her mom as supervisor. The family of An. SW has understood about stunting and lung tuberculosis and also has improved their parenting style, especially in terms of feeding practices. It was found that the stunting in An. SW was caused by infectious factor such as, lung tuberculosis and non-infectious factors such as inadequate nutrition intake and the parents’ lack of knowledge. After the family medicine approach, the weight of An. SW is increasing and she finally gets the antituberculosis drugs. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Stunting, Family Medicine  ABSTRAK Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun, terutama pada anak-anak dengan malnutrisi. Pada tahun 2021, Indonesia menduduki peringkat kedua angka kejadian TB tertinggi dengan jumlah kasus TB anak sebanyak 42.187 kasus. Stunting adalah masalah gizi kronis yang terjadi akibat malnutrisi dan infeksi berulang pada 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan. Stunting menghambat pertumbuhan fisik, menyebabkan anak rentan terhadap penyakit dan mengganggu perkembangan kognitif anak sehingga menurunkan tingkat kecerdasan dan produktivitas anak di masa depan. Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2021 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, yaitu 24,4%. Kunjungan kedokteran keluarga untuk meningkatkan tumbuh kembang, mengatasi dan mencegah infeksi, serta mencegah gangguan kognitif di masa depan pada An. SW. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Adapun kasus dalam penlitian ini yaitu Seorang balita perempuan beinisial SW dan berusia 14 bulan datang dengan keluhan ISPA berulang. An. SW terlahir prematur dengan BBLSR dan ibunya adalah remaja berusia 16 tahun. Saat dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometri, An. SW tergolong severely stunted. Tata laksana holistik dan komprehensif telah dilakukan sehingga keluhan An. SW berkurang, berat badannya meningkat, dan saat ini telah mendapatkan pengobatan TB paru yang adekuat dengan ibunya sebagai PMO. Keluarga telah memahami tentang stunting dan TB paru, serta memperbaiki pola asuh terutama dalam hal praktik pemberian makanan. Ditemukan bahwa kondisi stunting pada pasien disebabkan oleh faktor infeksi yaitu TB paru serta faktor non-infeksi kurangnya asupan gizi dan pengetahuan orang tua. Setelah dilakukan pendekatan kedokteran keluarga, berat badan An. SW meningkat dan telah mendapatkan OAT. Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis Paru, Stunting, Kedokteran Keluarga.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 5 (Malnutrition-Related Diabetes): Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Therapeutic Challenges Eunike Alicia Valentina; Aryo Hanun Harjanto; Afifah Sekarkusuma; Bernita Nur Cahyani; Maudita Sri Lestari; Kevin Tandarto
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1836

Abstract

Type 5 diabetes mellitus (T5DM), historically referred to as malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM), represents an emerging and underrecognized subtype of diabetes that predominantly affects individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Unlike type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T5DM is characterized by severe insulin deficiency in the absence of autoimmune destruction or significant insulin resistance, reflecting a distinct pathophysiological mechanism linked to chronic undernutrition and impaired pancreatic development. Despite increasing recognition, variability in terminology, diagnostic criteria, and clinical characterization has limited its identification and management in both clinical practice and research settings. This narrative literature review aims to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches of T5DM, as well as to evaluate its distinction from classical diabetes subtypes and its implications for global health. A structured literature search was conducted across major electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, covering publications from January 2020 to March 2026. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria encompassing epidemiological data, mechanistic insights, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Due to heterogeneity in study design, populations, and reported outcomes, findings were synthesized descriptively. The available evidence indicates that T5DM typically presents in young, underweight individuals with preserved insulin sensitivity, detectable but reduced C-peptide levels, and minimal risk of ketosis despite significant hyperglycemia. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve early-life nutritional deprivation leading to reduced β-cell mass, epigenetic modifications, and impaired insulin secretion. Therapeutically, patients often require lower insulin doses and may respond to selected oral antidiabetic agents, although evidence remains limited. Significant diagnostic challenges persist, particularly in resource-limited settings, where misclassification as T1DM or T2DM is common.