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Accomodative Multiculturalism: Alternatif Pendekatan terhadap Masalah Keragaman di Asia Tenggara Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This paper will explore the Asian way of dealing with religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity and how it dif fers from the Western liberal democratic model of multiculturalism. As argued by Samuel Huntington, glob alization is causing increasing interactions between peoples who previously would not have had any interac tion with each other. These interactions intensify identity consciousness and awareness of differences. In South-East Asia, as in other parts of the world, this means the rise of indigenous ri hts, majority-minority g power-sharing and the need to reconceptualize the idea of diversity and citizenship. The paper will examine how South-East Asian people would approach these issues, using mainly their cultural and reli iou tools. These tools are often referred to and are widely accepted as Asian Values, and include concepts such as har mony, concensus and commonality. The paper will also show that multiculturalism in Asia may not fit the concepts and models of Western's (liberal) multiculturalism.

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN KOMUNITAS SOSIAL BUDAYA ASEAN DAN KEMUNGKINAN PERAN KONSTRUKTIF ASEAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN KUALITATIF Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari; Marthinus, Pierre
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 10, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The article discusses the ongoing development of the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Literature study as well as in-depth interviews of key stakeholders representing Indonesian government, civil society, and academics is utilized to identify its potential leverage, inherent problematics, as well as possible constructive action that can be taken by Indonesia to support and strengthen the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. The socio cultural pillar's importance stems from its potential leverage to increase civil society participation, encourage tripartite state-market-civil society cooperation, and construct a cohesive regional identity. Inherent problematics of the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community includes the leadership's weak commitment from the Philippines, lack of political will from member states, civil society's characteristics, complexities of socio cultural issues, as well as the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community's characteristics in comparison to the ASEAN Political Community and the ASEAN Economic Community. Strengthening measures identified are (1) pillar empowerment through prioritizing issues with greater regional leverage overlapping with the political-security and economic pillar and socialization to increase society's awareness and participation, as well as (2) empowerment of key stakeholders including governmental agencies, civil society, and the ASEAN institution. Constructive action recommended includes encouraging increased leadership within the community, initiating a corrective internal mechanism, awareness raising, and "role-modeling'' in civil society engagement.

Faith-Based Transnational Actors and Peacebuilding: An Analysis of the Role Of Nahdlatul Ulama in Afghanistan’s Peace Process Mahfudin, Irvan Aladip; Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 23, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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After the end of the Cold War, the idea of peacebuilding has been central to the main narrative within the study of international peace. For a significant period, the narrative was dominated by liberal and secular approaches which put state as the primary actor in peacebuilding processes. Nevertheless, many cases show that non-state actors, in particular faith-based transnational actors, might have contributed significantly to the conflict transformation mechanism through their faith-based peacebuilding activities. This article explores the modification that Rüland, von Lübke, and Baumann have made on Lederach’s concept on peacebuilding, which categorises peacebuilding processes into two dimensions: conflict evolution and crisis intervention. The first dimension of conflict evolution focuses on the identification of the root causes of the conflict and its development, while the second dimension is more concerned with the management of conflict and its transformation, as well as its impacts to the peace establishment process in certain areas. Referring to the Indonesian Nahdlatul Ulama’s involvement in the Afghanistan peacebuilding process, this article shows how the model offered by Rüland, von Lübke, and Baumann can well explain the opportunity transnational non-state actors have to contribute significantly to promote the establishment of peace in conflict areas.

Indigenisation of Global Norms: Norm Localization Analysis on LGBTQ+ Acceptance in Surabaya, Indonesia Chairun Nisya; Dwi Ardhanariswari Sundrijo
Salasika Vol 5 No 1 (2022): Salasika (Indonesian Journal of Gender, Women, Child, and Social Inclusion's Stud
Publisher : Asosiasi Pusat Studi Wanita/Gender & Anak Indonesia (ASWGI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36625/sj.v5i1.90

In the era of globalisation, norms can easily travel and transfer worldwide; they can also be adapted into certain local norms. Indonesian public acceptance of global norms is heavily affected by religious norms, which are deeply conservative. The acceptance of the LGBTQ+ community by the Indonesian public has been its hard case for that reason. However, in Surabaya, one of the biggest cities in Indonesia, religious norms have been utilised by GayA Nusantara (GN), a local NGO advocating for the acceptance of the LGBTQ+, as an effective tool to reconstruct public perception towards the LGBTQ+ community. This research explains how the GN approach helped the Surabayan accept the LGBTQ+ community. This research highlights the importance of the history of local culture and local wisdom that proves that Indonesian society – to certain degrees – has long been relatively accepting of gender diversity as part of their day-to-day life. However, when it comes to accepting LGBTQ+ as part of global norms, Indonesian still seems reluctant to be open to it. Within this unique context, this research aims to explain the localisation process of the global norms on LGBTQ+ as part of the advocacy strategy conducted by GN. Applying the interpretative research method allows the researcher to interpret the result based on the data without letting the theory and/or indicators shape the research outcome.

Defining Islamic Transnationalism: A Case Study of Indonesia’s Nahdlatul Ulama Vyan Tashwirul Afkar; Dwi Ardhanariswari Sundrijo
Global Strategis Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.363-380

This article examines Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a transnational actor in international relations and comprehends its behavior based on the dimensions of Transnational Islam. NU is well recognized as an Indonesian national religious civil society organization and presented itself as the antithesis of Transnational Islam in the country. Meanwhile, NU conducts many cross-border activities, has members all over the world, and has offices based in various countries, enough to make it be perceived as a Transnational Islamic organization. This article examines why NU is a Transnational Islamic organization using Bowen's three dimensions of Transnational Islam: demographic movements, transnational religious institutions, and Islamic references and debates. This research applies qualitative descriptive methods from literary works. This research concludes that NU is a Transnational Islamic organization as it fits all three of Bowen's dimensions. NU's transnational dimensions are found at various but interconnected categories, specifically cultural, structural, and ideational levels. Keywords: Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia, Islam, Islamic Transnationalism, Transnationalism Artikel ini menguji status Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) sebagai aktor transnasional di dalam hubungan internasional dan menjabarkan perilakunya berdasarkan dimensi Islam transnasional. NU telah dikenal sebagai organisasi keagamaan Islam di Indonesia dan menampilkan diri sebagai antitesis gerakan-gerakan Islam transnasional di dalam negeri. Sementara itu, NU sendiri melakukan banyak kegiatan lintas batas negara, memiliki keanggotaan dari berbagai belahan dunia, dan memiliki kepengurusan internasional, sehingga dianggap cukup untuk menyebut NU sebagai organisasi Islam transnasional. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa NU adalah organisasi Islam transnasional berdasarkan tiga dimensi yang dikemukakan Bowen: demographic movements, transnational religious institutions, dan Islamic reference and debates. Artikel ini disusun dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui penelusuran pustaka. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa NU adalah organisasi Islam transnasional karena sesuai dengan ketiga dimensi Bowen. Adapun dimensi transnasionalitas NU berada di tiga level berbeda yang saling berkaitan, yaitu di level kultural, struktural, dan ideasional. Kata-kata kunci: Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia, Islam, Islam Transnational, Transnationalisme

MIGRANT LABOUR PROTECTION IN ASEAN, IN WHAT WAY DOES ILO MATTER? Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari; Safitri, Dhanny
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Despite the importance of labour migration in Southeast Asia, the mechanism of migrant workers protection in the region is still lacking. Because of that, cases show that often the undocumented and/or the low-skilled workers receive inappropriate treatment in the host countries. In certain cases, they were treated as second-class citizens – this is despite the work that they do. To address these issues, ASEAN has conducted a series of dialog forums and issued various agreements. In doing so, ASEAN have been involving different key stakeholders working on the issue, including international organizations, regional and national civil society organizations, and employers’ union. Unlike mainstream study which mainly focusses on the role of member states or ASEAN in developing regional mechanisms in the region, this research highlights the strategic role of International Labour Organizations (ILO). We argue that ILO is the powerful entities (aside of the member states) behind the region’s decision to pay more serious attention to the issue. This research shows how the ASEAN member states tend to be more open towards ILO’s involvement in their issues – while, because of the region’s norms of non-interference, they usually are reluctant to take any kind of external intervention to the region. Within this context, from the three possible type of roles of international organization in international system proposed by Clive Archer, i.e. as arena, instrument or actor, this article argues that ILO plays a role more as an actor that act independently to fill the gap left by the inability (unwillingness) of ASEAN member state to provide protection to their own migrant workers.

Universalism v. Relativism: The Human Rights Debate Around Internalization of Global Norm of Anti-FGM in Gorontalo, Indonesia Putri, Safriska Desna; Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari
Salasika Vol 6 No 2 (2023): Salasika (Indonesian Journal of Gender, Women, Child, and Social Inclusion's Stud
Publisher : Asosiasi Pusat Studi Wanita/Gender & Anak Indonesia (ASWGI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36625/sj.v6i2.130

Researches show how people and government of Southeast Asia tend to promote the relativism of norms, and with that challenge the mainstream narrative that promote the universalism of norms. This partially explains the multiple failures of the regionalisation of many global norms in the region. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), a term that defines any procedure that harms female genital organs, is a traditional practice that is condemned by many international institutions. Anti-FGM has become one of the most important global norms on health issues, officially adopted as a terminology by WHO in 1991 and become resolution in 2008. Under this circumstances, it is widely known that the practice of female children circumcision is still very commonly found in Gorontalo region in Indonesia. In Gorontalo, this practice involved not only health and rational consideration, but most importantly also is involved tradition and beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generation. It is hence contained a particular cultural meaning, which somehow has become the people’s shared characteristics which further defines the identity of the women of Gorontalo. This strong tradition is, naturally, goes against global believe which consider this custom as a violation on children's and human rights. This local dynamics thus lead us to the contestation between the idea of "universalism" of norms which holds the legitimation of human rights introduced by Liberal thinking,, and the idea of "relativism" which acknowledges the particularity of local tradition, as well as religion, and the rights of the people to practice what they believe as culturally appropriate. This article hence will answer the question, "in what way relativism overcome universalism in the process of internalization of global norms on anti-FGM in Gorontalo, Indonesia?"

Germany's Interest in Indonesia: Postcolonial Analysis of the Documentary Film Riders of Destiny Pramita, Hasta Aisyah Trida; Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari
Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/soshum.v15i1.63-71

This research critically examines Riders of Destiny (2019), a German documentary film about the pacoa jara, a horse racing tradition in Sumbawa, Indonesia, focusing on its portrayal of child exploitation. The film highlights the risks to child jockeys, such as injury and interrupted education, framing the practice as a violation of children’s rights. However, it oversimplifies the issue by neglecting the tradition’s historical, cultural, and economic context. Using postcolonial theory to analyse the film’s content, concept, and context, this research explores how the documentary reflects German interests in shaping global perceptions of non-Western cultures. The film’s content, shaped by selective interviews and imagery, emphasises the negative aspects of the practice, while its concept frames the tradition as a moral failure in need of reform. The context is largely ignored, with the film overlooking pacoa jara’s cultural significance within local communities and its role in family economics and social identity. This research concludes that Riders of Destiny serves as a tool for promoting Western child protection ideologies, positioning Germany as a moral authority while marginalising local cultural perspectives. This research does not intend to support child exploitation but rather seeks to explore how the practice of child jockeying is culturally perceived by the local community, which cannot be understood in a singular, Westernised way. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature on postcolonial theory by uncovering how media perpetuates modern forms of cultural influence that sustain postcolonialism.

ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) as Limited Norm Localization in Rohingya Human Rights Protection Ridani, Syahri; Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari
Review of International Relations Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional)
Publisher : UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/rir.v7i1.56792

This study analyzes how the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) functions as an outcome of limited norm localization in the protection of human rights for the Rohingya ethnic group. Employing Acharya’s (2004) norm localization theory, the study traces the process of adapting global human rights norms into the ASEAN framework, which faces challenges due to the principles of non-interference and state sovereignty among member countries. The findings reveal that although AICHR was established to promote and protect human rights, it faces structural and functional limitations. its consultative mandate, absence of investigative mechanisms, and the dominance of the ASEAN Way, particularly consensus and non-intervention, render AICHR ineffective in responding to the Rohingya crisis. Analysis through the four stages of localization (contestation, local initiative, adaptation, and amplification) indicates that AICHR functions more as a symbolic commitment to human rights within ASEAN rather than as a genuine protective mechanism. The study concludes that without mandate reform and adjustments to ASEAN principles, AICHR will continue to fall short in addressing systematic human rights violations such as those experienced by the Rohingya. This implies the need for a redefinition of global human rights norms that are more contextually grounded in regional values

Critical Analysis of Neo-Gramscian Hegemony Cader, Indira Thalia; Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 3 No. 8 (2023): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v3i8.894

This paper aims to present a critical analysis of Neo-Gramscianism, a theoretical framework rooted in the works of Antonio Gramsci, especially regarding its understanding of hegemony. This paper use critical theory by Frankfurt School as a foundation in criticizing the concept of hegemony argued by Robert Cox. While Neo-Gramscianism offers valuable insights, this study seeks to unveil its inherent limitations. Departing from the question of, “Do the concepts provided by Neo-Gramscian about Hegemony solve the problem of marginalized communities?” and using Frankfurt School’s critical theory as the analytical framework, the analysis highlights several key flaws. Firstly, the epistemological failure it reflects, the overemphasis on two-way hegemony or by consent has overlooked a significant factor, which is the inevitable resistance of subaltern class. This movement would presumably trigger the elite class to force their power onto the subaltern class, which would engage the two classes in a series of material and ideological struggles, and eventually will result in the persistence of domination. Secondly, this critical analysis also assesses the internal fallacies of Neo-Gramscian with Horkheimer’s criteria on Critical Theory. This paper concludes that the promised two-way hegemony initiated by Robert Cox fails to solve the problem of marginalized communities, since it is inherently not a Critical Theory, by its utilization of power relations, top-down approach, and most importantly, centralization of power.

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