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Applied Structure Equation Model for Policy Suggestions to Develop the Digital Economy in Vietnam Hien, Lam Thanh; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 6, No 1: JANUARY 2025
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v6i1.525

In the current context, promoting innovation in digital economic growth models associated with economic restructuring is a prerequisite for sustainable development. Therefore, the article aims to explore the critical factors influencing the digital economy and proposes policy recommendations for developing the digital economy. The study applies quantitative research methods mainly through actual data surveying of economic experts to evaluate factors affecting the digital economy based on the structural equation model to measure the digital economy in five big cities of Vietnam, including Hanoi, Hai Phong City, Da Nang City, Ho Chi Minh City, and Can Tho City. The data collection strategy involves direct interviews via a structured questionnaire, with a sample size of 800 economic experts, and analysis using SPSS version 20.0 and Amos software. The study's novelty identifies eight critical factors influencing the digital economy at a significance level of 0.01 and eight accepted hypotheses, including (1) Information technology and digital infrastructure, (2) Digital transformation capacity in businesses, (3) Government policies and laws, (4) Human resources, (5) Digital consumer needs and behavior, (6) E-commerce and financial technology, (7) International economic integration, and (8) Market. The findings highlight the significant influence of information technology and telecommunications infrastructure on Vietnam's digital economy. Finally, the authors proposed policy recommendations to enhance the digital economy; moreover, the digital economy is a way of doing business that relies on digital technology and data as its main inputs, operates mainly in a digital environment, and employs information and communication technologies to boost labor productivity, create new business models, and optimize economic structures. This model can be used by agencies, researchers, experts, and economic managers.

Managerial Recommendations for Enhancing Green Consumption Behavior and Sustainable Consumption Nga, Lu Phi; Tam, Phan Thanh
Emerging Science Journal Vol 8, No 6 (2024): December
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-07

The green consumerism movement is gaining steam in emerging nations with middle-income or higher populations, such as Vietnam, and is particularly well-liked in affluent countries. In addition, the importance of green consumerism is gaining significant traction, alongside efforts to promote ecologically friendly production and consumption. As the economy progressed, people's living standards improved, leading to a growing need for high-quality, safe products and services. This is particularly true for items that directly serve people and contribute to their everyday lives. Therefore, the article aims to evaluate the factors affecting green consumer behavior and sustainable consumption based on the structural equation model with the least squares method to test their hypotheses. The data were applied in the study through a survey of 360 consumers in 04 big cities in Vietnam. Research results showed that seven factors impact green consumption behavior, including (1) environmental awareness, (2) green product characteristics, (3) green marketing, (4) perceptions about green product prices, (5) social influence, (6) environmental policy, and (7) green consumption policy with significance 0.01. The finding explores green consumption behavior influencing sustainable consumption with a significance of 0.01. The practical implication helps managers, policymakers, and manufacturers consider applications to improve humanity and behavior green consumption in the global context of moving towards sustainable green development. The theory implication is to change behavior to improve greening production, reduce pollution and greenhouse emissions, and move towards sustainable development, bringing many practical economic and social benefits and intangible value for businesses. Simultaneously, the novelty of the study aids enterprises in staying abreast of this trend, enabling them to seize possibilities for fast growth, extend their market presence, and capitalize on governmental backing for businesses. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-07 Full Text: PDF

Impacting Technology on Employees' Job Performance: A Case Study of Commercial Banks in Vietnam Hien, Lam Thanh; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 6, No 2: MAY 2025
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v6i2.630

Technology is driving rapid transformation in the way people work. Many banks have caught up by introducing technology into their operations and training their personnel to use technology to optimize work productivity. Besides, employee technology competency is one of the most critical issues for organizations, helping them maintain a competitive position in the market. Therefore, the research aimed to measure critical factors impacting on bank employees' job performance and policy recommendations. The methodology of this study applied a structural equation model consisting of five factors: knowledge, attitude, hard skills, soft skills, and technology, and examined the impact of the above factors on tasks, context, and job performance. Data were collected from 900 employees working for 40 branches at 15 commercial banks in Vietnam and processed using SPSS 20.0 and Amos software. After testing the scale’s reliability, convergence, and discrimination, the study's findings showed that the critical factors of knowledge, attitude, skills, and technology positively impact task, contextual, and job performance. In addition, the originality of this research includes the introduction of technological factors into the model, a new factor of the banking industry in the digital transformation period in Vietnam. Based on the results of testing the research model, the authors provided empirical evidence that the career competency framework includes critical factors: knowledge, attitude, skills, and technology that positively impact task performance, contextual performance, and employee job performance. The practical implications of the article proposed management implications to help employees, managers, and policymakers improve employees' knowledge, attitudes, and skills, which play an essential role in performing their duties, and improving job performance in digital competency is one of the required skills in the banking industry.

Applied Data Science for Exploring Human Resource Management Affecting the Competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Vietnam Hien, Lam Thanh; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 6, No 2: MAY 2025
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v6i2.710

Human resource management is crucial in banking operations and is fundamental for maintaining sustainable development and enhancing the competitiveness of commercial banks. The current challenges in human resource management within banking operations provide notable limits that adversely impact competitiveness. This study seeks to identify the elements impacting human resource management in commercial banks in Vietnam and assess their degree of impact. Considering these issues and their influence on human resource management, the authors suggested strategies to enhance human resource management and bolster the competitiveness of banks. This research employs a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study included qualitative approaches, utilizing expert techniques and in-depth interviews with 10 bank directors, supplemented by primary data gathered via 350 questionnaires distributed to staff across 10 commercial banks in 10 regions in Vietnam. SPSS 20.0 and Amos software were utilized to measure the extent of influence of the components. The research found six factors: leadership support, training and development of human resources, workplace environment, employee perks and policies, incentive strategies, monitoring, and assessment. The study finds that control and evaluation have the strongest impact on human resource management. Ultimately, the tool assists banks in maintaining adequate human resource management and enhancing competitive positioning. The novelty of this study showed that human resource management affects the competitiveness of commercial banks with a significance of 0.05. Finally, commercial banks should improve digital human resource development software to provide comprehensive management solutions such as AI-driven recruitment platforms, automated performance evaluations, and human resource analytics tools to enhance efficiency, reducing costs and time to perform tasks. Especially helping bank leaders quickly make the right decisions about human resources. Furthermore, human resources management also contributes to the crystallization of corporate cultural values, building and preserving the bank's brand and identity, and is the driving force and goal for the bank's sustainable development.

Applied Data Science for Analyzing the Mediating Role of Digital Transformation Influencing Banking Business Efficiency in Vietnam Huy, Nguyen Quoc; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 6, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v6i3.807

In the context of accelerated digitalization and growing competitive pressures, commercial banks in emerging economies urgently need to enhance internal capabilities to drive innovation and performance. This study investigates how key organizational factors, including employee engagement, leadership style, corporate culture, financial capacity, and management capacity, influence creative innovation and digital transformation and how these, in turn, impact business efficiency in Vietnamese commercial banks. Grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the research develops and empirically tests a comprehensive structural model using data collected from 942 banking professionals across 30 commercial banks in Vietnam. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining expert interviews with a large-scale survey. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and bootstrapped mediation analysis were used to test 17 hypotheses. The results reveal that all five internal factors positively influence Creative Innovation (CI) and Digital Transformation (DT). Notably, employee engagement and management capacity emerged as the strongest drivers. Creative innovation exerts the most significant direct effect on business efficiency, while digital transformation plays a complementary but weaker mediating role. The findings validate a multi-layered framework linking organizational dynamics to performance, offering novel insights into how banks can align internal resources with strategic goals. This study contributes to the literature by positioning creative innovation and digital transformation as mediators between organizational capabilities and business outcomes. It also provides actionable recommendations for bank executives seeking to enhance operational efficiency through people-centered, innovation-led strategies tailored to the context of emerging markets. Finally, policymakers and bank leaders should implement digital Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), foster employee-led innovation, invest in managerial training, and align human resource incentives with transformation goals to enhance efficiency and resilience in Vietnam's banking sector.

Applied Data Science for Exploring Critical Factors Affecting Systemic Risk of Commercial Banks in Vietnam Nga, Lu Phi; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 6, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v6i3.801

The banking system is essential in developing the Vietnamese economy, serving as a capital supply channel for the economy's production, business, and investment activities. In 2024, the banking industry faces many challenges, including global macroeconomic fluctuations, the Russia-Ukraina war, and policy changes. Therefore, the study aims to quantify the impact of these factors on systemic risk using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Furthermore, it seeks to provide empirical evidence and actionable policy recommendations to help mitigate systemic risks, enhance financial stability, and support socio-economic recovery and development. The methodology of this study applied a structural equation model consisting of five factors: (1) Macroeconomic environment, (2) internal factors of commercial banks, (3) legal framework and supervisory authorities, (4) globalization and financial integration, and (5) technology and financial innovation. Data were collected from 450 managers working in the banking sector and processed using Amos software. The study's novelty showed that five critical factors positively impact the systemic risk of commercial banks in Vietnam. In addition, the originality of this research includes introducing technology and financial innovation into the model, a new factor of the banking industry in the digital transformation period of banking. Moreover, the results highlight that robust and timely policy interventions are essential for mitigating systemic vulnerabilities and promoting financial stability. Finally, the practical implications of the article proposed policy recommendations to help managers and policymakers minimize systemic risks due to influences from external-internal factors contributing to socio-economic recovery and development. Finally, managers and policymakers should strengthen regulatory oversight, promote digital risk management, enhance governance practices, and ensure macroeconomic stability to mitigate systemic banking risk.

Mediating Role of Digital Service Adoption in Enhancing Human Resource Management Capacity of SMEs Nga, Lu Phi; Tam, Phan Thanh
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-05-024

In the context of rapid digital transformation, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) increasingly recognize the necessity of adopting digital services to enhance their human resource management (HRM) capabilities. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of digital service adoption in improving HRM capacity among Vietnamese SMEs. The Resource-Based View draws upon the Technology-Organization-Environment framework; the research examines how leadership support, organizational readiness, policy mechanisms, perceived benefits, and organizational culture influence digital service adoption and HRM development. A mixed-method was employed, combining qualitative interviews with 30 digital transformation experts across five major cities in Vietnam and a quantitative survey of 1,000 SME managers from July 2024 to February 2025. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test 11 proposed hypotheses. The results demonstrate that digital service adoption significantly enhances HRM capacity and mediates the relationships between organizational factors and HRM outcomes. Leadership support is the strongest predictor of digital adoption and HRM capacity, followed by perceived benefits and policy mechanisms. These findings emphasize the importance of strategic leadership, organizational preparedness, supportive policies, and a digital-friendly culture in fostering successful digital transformation in HRM. The novelty contributes a novel integrated model bridging digital transformation and HRM theories and offers practical insights for SME managers seeking to strengthen workforce capabilities in emerging economies.

Applied Data Science for Testing the Impact of Intangible Resources on Business Performance of SMEs Hac, Le Dinh; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 7, No 1: January 2026
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v7i1.1137

This study investigates how intangible resources influence business performance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam by applying structural equation modeling within an applied data science framework. The research aims to clarify the direct and indirect mechanisms through which key intangible components, such as human capital, structural capital, relationship capital, organizational culture, and brand image, shape enterprise outcomes. It also examines the mediating role of creative innovation and the moderating influence of operating time. The study employs a mixed-method design, beginning with qualitative interviews with enterprise managers to validate and refine measurement constructs, followed by a quantitative survey of managers in two major economic regions in Vietnam. Data were analyzed using an advanced structural modeling approach to assess reliability, validity, and the strength of causal relationships. The findings demonstrate that intangible resources act as a robust foundation for firm success, exerting strong positive effects on both creative innovation and overall business performance. All five resource dimensions significantly contribute to the higher-order construct, with relationship capital and organizational culture emerging as the most influential drivers. Creative innovation partially mediates the relationship between intangible resources and business performance, illustrating how firms convert knowledge-based assets into tangible outcomes through idea generation and implementation. Further, operating time strengthens this relationship, indicating that more established firms leverage their intangible foundations more effectively. The study contributes to ongoing discussions on resource-based competitiveness by extending theoretical perspectives to an emerging market context. It highlights the strategic importance of cultivating intangible resources to foster innovation capability and sustain long-term performance. The results offer practical implications for managers and policymakers seeking to develop knowledge-driven and innovation-oriented enterprises in dynamic economic environments.

Applying Structural Equation Model to Explore the Impact of Performance Management on Business Performance at Small and Medium Enterprises Thu, Trang Nguyen Thi; Tam, Phan Thanh
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 7, No 1: January 2026
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v7i1.1135

This study investigates how key organizational factors shape performance management and how performance management, in turn, enhances business performance among small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. The research aims to clarify the extent to which enterprise culture, internal communication, training and development, reward systems, and digital transformation influence managerial effectiveness and organizational outcomes. Building on strategic human resource management and organizational performance theories, the study develops and validates a structural model that integrates both human and technological dimensions of enterprise performance. A mixed-methods design was employed. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews with managers to refine the conceptual framework and contextualize measurement indicators. The quantitative phase surveyed 864 managers from small and medium enterprises across southern Vietnam to empirically test the model. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the relationships among core organizational factors, performance management, and business performance, as well as the moderating effect of digital transformation. The findings show that training and development exert the most substantial positive influence on performance management, followed by reward systems, internal communication, and enterprise culture. Performance management significantly enhances business performance, confirming its role as a strategic mechanism that translates organizational capabilities into improved outcomes. Digital transformation directly improves business performance and enhances the impact of performance management by enabling real-time data use, transparency, and process efficiency. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence that strengthening human resource practices and integrating digital technologies are essential for improving performance management and fostering sustainable growth among Vietnamese small and medium enterprises. The results have important implications for managers and policymakers seeking to build performance-driven, digitally adaptive business environments in emerging economies.

Policy Recommendations for Enhancing the Green Banking and Sustainable Development Dien Vy, Phan; Tam, Phan Thanh
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): December
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-06-011

This study examines the key factors influencing green banking and sustainable development in Vietnam to provide evidence-based policy recommendations to promote the integration of sustainability within financial institutions. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative analyses was adopted. The research process began with focus group discussions with 30 banking experts, followed by in-depth interviews with senior managers to refine measurement scales. Subsequently, a structured survey was conducted among 900 commercial bank managers in the Southeast region, and the collected data (n = 845 valid responses) were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal seven knowledge-driven factors that significantly affect green banking and sustainable development: the legal framework and supporting policies, awareness and trends in sustainable consumption, financial technology, leadership commitment and corporate culture, pressure from investors and international organizations, climate change and environmental risk management, and public-private partnerships. Among them, the legal framework and supporting policies emerged as the most influential drivers. Green banking practices are also shown to directly contribute to sustainable development by financing environmentally friendly projects and integrating ESG principles. The study’s novelty lies in its knowledge-based economy perspective, demonstrating how policy knowledge, financial technology, and organizational learning interact to enhance sustainability. Practical implications highlight the need for regulatory reform, technology adoption, and cross-sectoral collaboration to accelerate Vietnam’s transition to a green economy.

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