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All Journal Parafrase: Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan Anaphora: Journal of Language. Literary and Cultural Studies
Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Sastra Inggris, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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MARK WATNEY’S STRUGGLE TO LIVE ON MARS IN ANDY WEIR’S THE MARTIAN Ridwan Saputra; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu; Sudarwati Sudarwati
PARAFRASE : Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan & Kesastraan Vol 23 No 1 (2023): Parafrase Vol. 23 No. 1, Mei 2023
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/parafrase.v23i1.8576

Abstract

Human beings have various needs in their life that must be fulfilled wherever they live. They must struggle to fulfill or satisfy their needs. Relating to this problem, this article deals with Mark Watney’s struggle to live on Mars seen in Andy Weir’s The Martian. This article describes the analysis of Mark Watney’s struggle while he gets stuck on Mars by fulfilling his needs. In doing the research, the descriptive qualitative method is used to remain focused on the data and interpretation. The data source of the research is the novel entitled The Martian written by Andy Weir. Abraham Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs is used to analyze Mark Watney’s needs and his struggle to fulfill his needs. As a result, it is found that Mark Watney has all five stages of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and he struggles to fulfill each of these needs one by one. The followings show the result of the research. The physiological needs Watney has is mainly needs of food because he has a shortage of food. Watney struggles hard to fulfill his needs with the available supplies by going on a diet. The second is safety needs, Watney feels unsafe because on Mars, to overcome this need, Watney struggles to try to contact the crews on Earth. The third need is love and belongings needs. Living alone on Mars without love from friends and family and he is considered dead makes him depressed. The fulfillment of the needs relates to the finding of the pathfinders which enables him to communicate with the crew of NASA. He no longer feels lonely and depressed and then feels happy. The fourth one is Esteem Needs. He becomes proud of himself knowing that he is highly appreciated and valued as a hero to the team since he is the only one who masters all the engineering parts of the mission. The last one is self-actualization needs. Watney must struggle to survive, which shows the fulfillment of his need. In conclusion, Mark Watney’s struggle finally can make him fulfill all his five needs on Mars and land on Earth safely.
Gender Intervention Through Toxic Masculinity in Hashimi's The Pearl That Broke Its Shell Anik Cahyaning Rahayu; Ali Romadani; Sudarwati Sudarwati
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): JULY
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/anaphora.v5i1.6638

Abstract

This article is about the idea of gender intervention through toxic masculinity reflected in Nadia Hashimi’s The Pearl That Broke Its Shell based on the theory of toxic masculinity by Terry A. Kupers. Beginning from a position that sees masculinity as a socially constructed idea in a patriarchal culture, this article works through the concept that hegemonic masculinity under patriarchy can turn toxic. There is a connection between toxic masculinity and hegemonic masculinity because toxic masculinity deviates from hegemonic masculinity aspects that are destructive. Many toxic masculinity traits can be found in society. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design since this study will be limited to explain on two traits that are found in the novel. The most prominent traits that can be found in the novel are the subordination of women and violence. The idea of subordination of women can harm women because it puts them in an inferior position. This idea is also harmful to men as well when they could not meet society’s expectation of being “real” men. Toxic masculinity also has the belief that to prove their manhood, men have to be able to act violently. From that idea, some characters in the novel perform violence because they want to fit society’s expectation of being a “real” man. This study concludes that the hegemony of masculinity under a patriarchal society can result in a bad situation where men are viewed as superior and women as inferior. It can push the idea of toxic masculinity, which is harmful to both men and women. It is because men's superior position in this situation can be destructive and harmful for both men and women.
Billy Pilgrim's Traumatic Symptoms and Triggers in Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five Yohanis Mesang; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/anaphora.v5i2.7512

Abstract

Psychological trauma is one of the psychological problems which may happen to a human being. Someone is known to suffer from trauma if he or she shows or experiences some special symptoms. This psychological problem, trauma, can happen due to some triggers or causes. Relating to this problem, this article is about Billy’s psychological trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five. Billy is the main character of the novel who suffers from trauma. His psychological disease can be known from the symptoms he experiences or he shows. Besides the symptoms of trauma experienced by Billy, the triggers or causes of Billy's trauma are also explained in this article, which both of them as the objectives of the research. The analysis uses literary theory of trauma by Cathy Caruth. Because trauma relates to psychology, the psychological approach is used in this research. The method used to analyze Billy’s trauma is descriptive-analytical which means that the data relating to the topic which are taken from the novel are described and analyzed based on the objectives of the research. The findings show that symptoms experienced by Billy are recurrent uncontrollable memories of past traumatic events, losing his enthusiasm for life, delusion about Tralfamadorian planet as well as his adventure in time, and sleep disturbance followed by weeping for no reason. The triggers or causes of Billy’s trauma are the result of his participation in World War II where he witnesses many horrific events like the bombing event in Dresden city and getting humiliation as well as harsh treatment from his fellow soldiers, fellow prisoners, and German soldiers. The other cause is facing the events after the 2nd World War that exacerbates his trauma that is the plane crash he is travelling in and the death of his wife due to carbon monoxide poisoning. In conclusion, after analyzing Billy’s traumatic symptoms and the triggers, it can be stated that Billy really suffers from psychological trauma. All the traumatic events influence Billy’s life, how he sees life, and he responds about life and death.
Behind the Silence: Cath Avery's Social Anxiety Disorder in Rainbow Rowell's Fangirl Anik Cahyaning Rahayu; Sudarwati Sudarwati
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): JULY
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/anaphora.v9i1.133827

Abstract

This study examines the representation of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) experienced by Cath Avery, the protagonist of Rainbow Rowell's Fangirl (2013). Previous studies have predominantly interpreted Cath's psychological condition through psychoanalytic perspectives, with limited attention given to contemporary cognitive approaches. Therefore, this study aims to identify the symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder exhibited by Cath, investigate the psychological and environmental factors contributing to her anxiety, and examine its effects on her personal development, interpersonal relationships, and identity formation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive design using a literary psychology approach. The primary data consist of narrative passages, dialogues, and internal monologues analyzed through textual analysis. The analysis is guided by Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) developed by Aaron T. Beck and Judith S. Beck, complemented by Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology. The findings reveal that Cath exhibits major symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder, including fear of social interaction, avoidance behaviour, negative self-evaluation, automatic negative thoughts, and physiological anxiety responses. These symptoms are influenced by emotional dependence on her twin sister, maternal abandonment, and difficulties adapting to university life. Furthermore, her anxiety significantly affects her academic adjustment, social relationships, emotional well-being, and identity development. This study contributes to literary psychology by demonstrating how contemporary fiction realistically represents Social Anxiety Disorder through the integration of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Jung's Analytical Psychology.
Co-Authors Ali Romadani Ridwan Saputra Sudarwati Sudarwati Yohanis Mesang