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All Journal International Journal of Environment, Engineering, and Education
M. D. K. L. Gunathilaka
University of Colombo
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science

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Modelling the Behavior of DVI and IPVI Vegetation Indices Using Multi-Temporal Remotely Sensed Data M. D. K. L. Gunathilaka
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 3 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v3i1.42

Abstract

Remote sensing techniques are widely used to detect and analyze land cover changes due to their accuracy and cost-effectiveness. Among the various spectral indices derived from the satellite data Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) and Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI) vegetation indices applied to model the behavior of the indices in the study of suburb ecosystem vegetation cover over twenty years. To achieve the aim of the study two objectives were formulated; detect Spatial-temporal variations in urban vegetation and how suitable the selected algorithms to study urban ecosystem vegetation. The study area is a rapidly developing area consists of several suburbs including Battaramulla, Malabe, and Kaduwela, Sri Lanka. The study used Landsat data and pre-processing, processing, geometric and atmospheric corrections were performed using ERDAS imagine mapping software and all the mappings were carried out via Arc GIS software. The results show Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI) algorithm as the most suitable vegetation index to study suburb ecosystem vegetation than Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends IPVI than DVI to study ecosystem vegetation in sub-urban areas.
Evaluation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) Spatial Change in Freshwater Lakes with Hot Spot Analysis (GI Statistics) M. D. K. L. Gunathilaka; W. T. S. Harshana
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 3 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v3i2.54

Abstract

Monitoring spatial changes of surface heat island formation and temperature changes in sub-urban areas is vital in the freshwater lake management of urban areas as frequent phenomena related to climate change have undergone. The purpose of this study was to examine the Spatio-temporal pattern of urban heat island and land surface temperature and vegetation changes by using GI statistics, where hotspot analysis was also performed. The study further examined the effect of heat island and surface temperature on urban freshwater lakes where hot and cold spots identified had undergone a reclassification process. The results revealed that the increasing Land Surface Temperature (LST) due to modification and transformation of vegetated areas into concrete and synthetic built-up extents is one of the challenging problems in the selected suburbs. Both NDVI and LST hot spots and cold spots have changed compared to 2010. The LST showed considerable expansion of the hotspots within ten years rather than cold spots in all three suburbs. The freshwater lakes are in proximity to the city. All three lakes were finally reclassified as hotspot areas for LST, while Kesbewa Lake and Thalangama Lake were identified as NDVI hotspots where the vegetation cover had contracted by 2020. Even though Boralesgamuwa Lake is not recognized as an NDVI hotspot, the encroachment and expansion of the current hotspot area could be identified. The study's findings could be used to design sustainable cities in these suburbs more by prioritizing the conservation of urban ecosystems.
Accuracy Assessment of Unsupervised Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems M. D. K. L. Gunathilaka; S. L. J. Fernando
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 4 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v4i3.73

Abstract

A significant tool for determining how accurate a categorization product is the accuracy assessment. Remote Sensing is one of the essential tools for compiling land use and land cover maps through image classification. The availability of high-quality Landsat imagery and secondary data, an accurate classification technique, and the user's knowledge and competence with the procedures essential to the image classification process. Assess the satellite image classification suitability for further mapping and analysis through accuracy assessments. This paper examined land use and land cover classification using unsupervised classification and extracted NDBI and NDVI further to support main land use and land cover types in the area. The accuracy of classifications was assessed using an error matrix and Kappa statistics. Land use and land cover, NDBI, and NDVI classification accuracies are almost perfect, further verified by the Kappa statistics tool. An excellent unsupervised classification of land use and land cover classes was generated. Accuracy assessment evaluation is one of the most significant tools for determining a classification product's accuracy. The confusion error matrix and Kappa coefficient were particularly useful in calculating accuracy assessment. Typically, accuracy measures of the unsupervised classification show a moderate accuracy level. This study observed almost perfect agreement in all types of accuracy measures. This study is an important source of information that planners and decision-makers may utilize to plan the environment sustainably.
Pro-Environmental Communication and Behavior in Sustainable Use of Environmental Resources: A Study in Kalpitiya Fisheries Inspector Division, Sri Lanka M. D. K. L. Gunathilaka; V. P. I. S. Wijeratne
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 4 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v4i2.74

Abstract

Human behavior has a multi-dimensional view of resource utilization; thus, vital to examine the behavior of groups in environmental resource utilization. The group was fishing communities in Kalpitiya Fisheries Inspector Division (KFID). Data was collected through various methods subjected to thematic content-based analysis and statistical analysis. The primary source of income is a fishery where marine fishery and brackish water fishery, along with aquaculture, were the sub-categories. Sixteen percent were engaged in both marine and brackish water fishery. A total of 18116 individuals were marginalized in the area. Un-sustainable resource utilization has decreased the area's existing resources, particularly for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). Their behavior has created specific environmental problems in Wannimundalama and Manadalakuda. Though education level was not satisfactory (96%), the statistical analysis showed dis-concordant status; neither education nor the source of income affects their poor behavior in resource utilization. Comparing two fishing harbors illustrated that the cultural aspect also affects the behavior. The perception of environmental protection is also poor, IDPs. Gender vice behavior reflected that females are more willing to protect and restore the environment than males. Findings illustrated that the dimensions and categories of the system directly do not decide the behavior of groups in environment resource utilization. Environmental communication is essential and positively impacts human behavior in environmental resource utilization. The study recommends investigating the factors constraining sustainable resource utilization behavior in KFID, emphasizing the necessity of environmental communication.
Co-Authors S. L. J. Fernando V. P. I. S. Wijeratne W. T. S. Harshana