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The effects of organic planting medium on growth and root formation of tea seedling at early stage of tea nursery Dalimoenthe, Salwa Lubnan
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 16, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Tea plants commonly propagated through vegetative propagation using single node leaf cutting and planting on mixed of topsoil and subsoil. From time to time, it is difficult to get suitable soil for nursery and the activity could disturb ecosystem. In addition, the medium weight would become a constraint in transporation of tea seedling. To overcome these problems, an alternative planting medium of tea seedling has to be explored to reduce the use of soil. In this research, various organic materials have been tested to know their effect on growth and root formation of tea seedling at early stage of tea nursery. The experiment arranged in a complete randomized design with nine treatments, replicated three times. Treatments tested were combination of organic matter (cocopith, rice husk, sawdust, and peat soil) with top soil (15% and 25%). Cow dung, as organic fertilizer, was added to enrich planting medium. Results shows that cocopith, rice husk, sawdust, and peat soil enriched with cow dung resulted the same with top soil medium (convensional planting medium) on growth and root formation of tea seedlings at early stage of tea nursery.

Effects of organic medium on growth and root formation of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens planting material at early stage of nursery Dalimoenthe, Salwa Lubnan
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 17, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Cinchona plants commonly propagated through vegetative propagation using grafting between scion and rootstocks and planting on mixed of top soil and sub soil. To overcome these problems, an alternative planting medium of cinchona seedling has to be explored to reÂduce the use of soil. In this research, various organic materials have been tested to see their effect on growth and root formation of cinchona seedling at early stage of cinchona nursery. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design (RCD) with 17 treatments, each treatment consists 20 plants/replication. Treatments tested were combination of organic matter (cocopith, rice husk, sawdust and peat soil) with top soil (15% and 25%). Cow dung or seaweed, as organic fertilizer was added to enrich planting medium. Results shows that coÂcopith, rice husk, sawdust and peat soil enÂriched with cow dung or seaweed has no signiÂficance difference with top soil medium (conÂventional planting medium) on plants living percentage, plants height, leaves number and, stem diameter of cinchona seedlings at early stage of cinchona nursery comparing with the conventional way. On plants heights and leaves number, there are significant difference caused by the treatment during three months after plantings. The number of rooting plants in betÂween 33% up to 100%. In general, plants reÂgeneration and compatibility between scion and rootstock of cinchona tested plants shows that the cell regeneration or cell growths are well and there is no sign on incompatibility between scion and rootstock.

Micrografting technique in cinchona (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) plants propagation Dalimoenthe, Salwa Lubnan
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 16, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

In Indonesia has been found 11 cinchona species but only two species recognized as an economically important Cinchona succirubra known as resistant plant to root disease while Cinchona ledgeriana quinine high content. To put together those two characters from mostly through grafting it took twelve months. Micrografting is one of the propagation techniques through tissue culture. Micrografting has already been used in wide spread for plants propagation either only for research or as mass product. Hopefully, the use of micrografting to obtain cinchona propagation would be short more or less 10 months and provide plants as mass production economically. The result showed that micro grafting at V shape could be used as the propagation method on cinchona species besides bud multiplication through tissue culture. MS medium is the best medium for cinchona micrografting. If there is no IBA on rooting media, there is no root formation from the plants. The increasing of IBA from 1 up to 4 mg/l in media, will increase also the number of rooting plants.different plant material as scion and stock and different concentrarions (0,1,2,3,4 mg/l) of IBA gives the significantly different respons on rooting formation. The increasing of IBA on media will increase the number of rooting plants also. The highest rooting formation are found on medium with 3 danÂ 4 mg/LÂ IBA. The combination between C. ledgeriana-C. succirubra, C. ledgeriana-C.ledgeriana, C. succrirubra-C.succirubra gives significantly difference on the growth dan development of root. The use of C. ledgeriana as a root stock doesnât showed good rooting formation. The combination between CSA/QRC205 gives the highest number of leaves result compare wth others combination on as much as 9,8. The first stage of acclimatization on culture room with temperature 25-270C and followed by acclimatization on plastics house covered with paranet 70%. In general in vitro planlet cinchona from micrografting growing well. By the end of observation (8 weeks) growing percentage reach 90%.Â Â

The influence of El-Nino on microclimate change and soil water content in Gambung tea plantation Rezamela, Erdiansyah; Dalimoenthe, Salwa Lubnan
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 19, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

The very strong intensity of 2015 El-Nino affected on microclimate change and soil water content of Gambung Tea Plantation. The observation results indicated that in the year of 2015 Gambung was experienced four dry months (with rainfall <60 mm), with maximum air temperature 30,8ÂºC and air humidity dropped to 65%. These condition were not suitable for tea plant to grow well, which normally required two dry months at minimum (rainfall < 60 mm), air temperature of 18â25ÂºC, and with relative humidity of above 70%. The affected areas by drought were present in a map (see Figure 3 of the text). About 65% of the total blocks (north section about 80% and south section about 50%) of Gambung tea plantation were affected by drought. The worst affected were blocks A6 (north section) and B8 (south section). In these blocks, about 54.70% of plant were in normal growth condition; 14.65% were in temporary and permanent wilting status; 25.34% in the state of dropping their leaves; 5.19% of the plants with dried buds twigs, and 0.12% with dried twigs and dried old branches. The soil water content (at 10 cm depth) in these blocks dropped to 7.02% and 4.99% from normally required at minimum 30%.

The effect of drought period on attack intensity of Empoasca sp and blister blight in Gambung tea plantation Rezamela, Erdiansyah; Fauziah, Fani; Dalimoenthe, Salwa Lubnan
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 19, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

El-Nino had a significant impact on micro climate change including in rainfall, temperature and air humidity in Gambung Tea Plantation. In the dry season 2015, Gambung experienced four dry months that affect attack intensity of Empoasca and disease intensity of Blister Blight. This study aimed to determine the relationship between micro climate parameters and attack intensity of Empoasca and disease intensity of Blister Bright. Micro climate observation data were taken from Davis Automatic Weather Station (AWS) including rainfall intensity (mm), relative humidity (%) and maxium air temperature (0C). Attack intensity of Empoasca sp and Blister Bligh were observed by counting the number of healthy P+3 shoots as well as infected shoot from 200-500 gram of wet shoot sample randomly taken from container net at the plucking time. The results showed that the intensity of Empoasca decreased from 16.49% to 12.90% in the dry months from July to October 2015. The disease intensity of Blister Blight only occurred in July. There was a polynomial relationship among rainfall, temperature and humidity to the attack intensity of Empoasca with R2 values of 0.71, 0.77, 0.87, respectively the decrease of attack intensity occurred at ranfall intensity >140 mm, temperature >28Â°C and humidity >80%. Meanwhile linear relationship occurred among rainfall, temperature and humidity to the disease intensity of Blister Blight with R2 values of 0,98; 0,64; and 0,77, respectively the increasing of rainfall and humidity caused the increasing of disease intensity of Blister Blight. However disease intensity of Blister Blight decreased with increase in ambient temperature.

The effect of climate change on rainfall pattern and deficit of water in tea plantation Dalimoenthe, Salwa Lubnan; Apriana, Y; June, T
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 19, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Climate change has been influencing rainfall pattern so that it would be necessary to see the impact of that changed on tea plantation. The experimental area coverage lowland (600 m asl), midland (800-1000m asl) and highland (>1.000 m asl) tea plantation and each altituted represented by three tea estate in West Java. The rainfall data collected since 2005 up to 2014 from each estate and water deficit has been count through the method develop by Wijaya (1996). The results showed that the rainfall pattern has been changed by La-Nina and El-Nino during 2005-2014 in tea estate either in lowland, midland or highland in the last decade. The climate change causedÂ rainfall decreasing and increasing on dry month (the rainfall < 100 mm). Eventhough on 2009 there is an significantly increasing of the rainfall but after 2009 until 2014, the rainfall tend to decrease. After El-Nino on late 2009 and early 2010, lowland tea estate on Subang Regency facing water deficit until 5 months with R (defisit water index) far below 1 even there is no El Nino. The tea plantation at midland area (Cianjur Regency) facing 5 months water deficit per year, but the R index close to 1. While in highland tea plantation (Bandung Regency), the water deficit only happend on certain month on certain year although there is a month with zero rainfall. Water deficit could be happend because of runoff on soil surface stimulate by low ability of soil to keep the water.

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