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All Journal Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan
Sayi Hatiningsih
Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry

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Karakteristik Es Krim Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) Probiotik Dan Viabilitas Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RB210 Selama Penyimpanan Gabrielle Thasya Wangsaputri; Ni Nyoman Puspawati; Sayi Hatiningsih
Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): ITEPA
Publisher : Study Program of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2026.v15.i01.p10

Abstract

Despite being a popular food, commercial ice cream products frequently contain synthetic colorants and flavorings. The anthocyanin pigments found in purple sweet potatoes increase the functional value of ice cream by acting as a natural substitute for artificial coloring agents and a source of antioxidant. This functional value might also be improved by adding probiotics such as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RB210. However, probiotic viability may decrease during processing and frozen storage. The starch in purple sweet potato has the potential to protect probiotic cells and help maintain their viability during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the purple sweet potato puree to milk ratito and storage time affected the viability of Lc. paracasei RB210 and to develop probiotic purple sweet potato ice cream with the best characteristics throughout four weeks of storage. This study was conduct using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors which were puree-to-milk ratio (0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80) and storage duration (0, 2, and 4 weeks), resulting in 15 treatment combinations with two replications (30 units). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT when significant. Results showed that the interaction between the two factors significantly affected anthocyanin content, hedonic scores for color, aroma, taste, texture, overall acceptance, and descriptive scores for color and taste. The purée-to-milk ratio significantly affected overrun, melting time, protein content, and antioxidant activity. Storage duration significantly affected melting time, LAB count, and antioxidant activity. The best treatment (U3M4) maintained Lc. paracasei RB210 viability with 88% overrun, 8.05 minutes melting time, 3.37% protein, 8.24 log CFU/g LAB (1.83 × 10⁸ CFU/g), 41.72% antioxidant activity, and 2.55 mg/100g anthocyanins. The ice cream had a favorable purple color, mildly distinctive sweet potato taste, pleasant aroma, and was highly liked for its texture and overall acceptance.
Deteksi Cemaran Streptococcus spp. dan Escherichia coli Pada Lawar Plek Di Desa Sukawati, Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar Ni Kadek Dwi Putri Yulia Pramesti Kastawa; I Desak Putu Kartika Pratiwi; Sayi Hatiningsih
Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): ITEPA
Publisher : Study Program of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2026.v15.i01.p13

Abstract

Lawar plek is a traditional Balinese food, especially in the Sukawati area, Kabupaten Gianyar. Lawar plek is made from a mixture of vegetables, chopped raw pork, spices, and the addition of raw pork blood. This lawar plek is susceptible to being contaminated with pathogenic bacteria due to the addition of raw meat and blood and a lack of hygiene and sanitation. This research aimed to determine the level of contamination of Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli in lawar plek in Sukawati Village, Kabupaten Gianyar. Samples were collected using the purposive sampling method. A total of six restaurants in Sukawati Village that met the sample criteria were included in this study and were coded RM1, RM2, RM3, RM4, RM5, and RM6. The lawar plek samples used in this research were taken at 11.00 and 14.00 WITA. Streptococcus spp. was detected by observing colony growth on Blood agar media, Gram staining, and catalase test, while E. coli contamination was carried out by observing the development of green metallic sheen colonies on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), and coliform contamination was detected through MPN calculations using media Lactose Broth (LB). The results showed that four samples (33.3%) of lawar plek were positive for containing Streptococcus spp. The E. coli test results showed that 100% of lawar plek did not meet the requirements for meat food without heat treatment (1,8 APM/gram). The detection of Streptococcus spp. and E. coli in the lawar plek samples indicates that hygiene and sanitation practices in the food processing and serving process are not being implemented, so further supervision needs to be carried out to reduce the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria contamination.
Studi Penerapan Higiene dan Sanitasi Terhadap Tingkat Cemaran Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Pada Pangan Tradisional Babi Guling di Ubud, Gianyar Felicia Alessandra Jessie Siswanto; Luh Putu Trisna Darmayanti; Sayi Hatiningsih
Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): ITEPA
Publisher : Study Program of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2025.v14.i03.p03

Abstract

Abstract Roasted Pig is a Balinese dish that is highly popular in the tourist area of Ubud, Gianyar. Although Roasted Pig can be found in various regions of Bali, Ubud is known as one of the most prominent places for serving this dish. However, variations in the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices in each restaurant may affect the safety and quality of the food, potentially leading to contamination by pathogenic microbes such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which can pose risks to consumer health. This study aimed to assess hygiene and sanitation conditions and to identify the presence and quantify the levels of E. coli and S. aureus contamination in Babi Guling meat. The research employs a descriptive design presented in tabular form, using a interview method and purposive sampling method from the ten highest-rated eateries on Google Review by 2024. The parameter includes the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices by food handlers and on eating utensils, total microbial count, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that sanitation practices at roasted pig restaurants include 70% of producers using groundwater as the water source, with none conducting accredited water quality testing. Swab tests on the hands of the food handlers and on equipment from five producers revealed that 100% were positive for E. coli. Additionally, 30% of vendors handled roasted pig without wearing gloves, and 80% did not use clean work clothing. All roasted pig samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit for total microbial count set by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) (< 1 × 10⁶ CFU/g) and 100% did not meet the requirement for E. coli in heat-treated meat products (< 1 × 10² CFU/g). However, all babi guling samples were still within the safe threshold for S. aureus (< 1 × 10⁴ CFU/g).These findings highlight the importance of supervision and education on the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices in the traditional culinary business sector. Keywords: Babi Guling, E. coli, Hygiene and Sanitation, S. aureus Abstrak Babi Guling merupakan-salah satu pangan tradisional khas Bali yang sangat populer di kawasan wisata Ubud, Gianyar. Meskipun babi guling dapat ditemukan di berbagai daerah di Bali, Ubud dikenal sebagai salah satu tempat yang paling menonjol dalam menyajikan hidangan ini. Namun, penerapan higiene dan sanitasi yang berbeda di setiap rumah makan dapat memengaruhi kualitas dan keamanan makanan yang berpotensi tercemar oleh mikroba patogen seperti Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus, yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan konsumen. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi higiene dan sanitasi, serta mengidentifikasi keberadaan dan jumlah cemaran E. coli dan S. aureus pada daging Babi Guling. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Deskriptif yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik wawancara dan metode purposive sampling dari sepuluh warung makan dengan rating tertinggi di Google Review pada tahun 2024. Parameter yang diamati adalah penerapan higiene dan sanitasi pada menjamah dan alat makan, Total Mikroba, Koliform, Escherichia coli, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktek sanitasi pada rumah makan penjual Babi Guling diantaranya 70% produsen menggunakan sumber air tanah, dan semua produsen tidak melakukan pengujian kualitas air yang terakreditasi, lalu hasil swab pada tangan penjamah makanan, dan peralatan untuk sampling lima produsen menunjukkan 100% positif E. coli, 30% pedagang mengambil Babi Guling tanpa menggunakan sarung tangan, dan 80% pedagang tidak menggunakan pakaian kerja yang bersih. semua Babi Guling melebihi prasyarat maksimum Total Mikroba yang ditetapkan BPOM (< 1 x 106 koloni/g) dan 100% tidak memenuhi persyaratan E.coli pada daging olahan dengan perlakuan panas (<1x10² koloni/g), namun semua Babi Guling masih dalam ambang aman persyaratan S. aureus (< 1 x 104 koloni/g). Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pengawasan, dan edukasi tentang penerapan higiene dan sanitasi di sektor usaha kuliner tradisional. Kata kunci: Babi Guling, E.coli, Higiene dan Sanitasi, S.aureus
Karakteristik Kefir dengan Perbandingan Susu Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) dan Sari Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Fattya Nur Nandayicka; Ni Made Indri Hapsari Arihantana; Sayi Hatiningsih
Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): ITEPA
Publisher : Study Program of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2025.v14.i04.p02

Abstract

Abstract Kefir is a fermented milk drink with kefir grains consisting of lactic acid bacteria and several types of nonpathogenic yeast. In general, kefir is made using fresh milk, but alternative plant-based milk, such as red bean milk, can be used because it contains carbohydrates and protein and has potential to be a raw material for fermented milk products. Kefir from bean milk produces an undesirable color so it is necessary to add red dragon fruit juice. This study aims to determine the effect of red bean milk and red dragon fruit juice ratio on the characteristics of kefir and determine the right ratio to produce the best characteristics. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with a ratio of red bean milk and red dragon fruit juice, namely 100:0, 99:1, 98:2, 97:3, and 96:4. The treatment was repeated 3 times so 15 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that the ratio of red bean milk and red dragon fruit juice significantly affected protein content, viscosity, color test (L* and a*), hedonic (color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptance), and scoring test (color). The ratio of 97% red bean milk and 3% red dragon fruit juice produced kefir with the best characteristics with 1,41% protein, 30.35% antioxidant activity, 1% total acid, pH 4.07, total LAB 8.26 log cfu/ml, total yeast 8.39 log cfu/ml, viscosity 653.33 mpa.s, L* value 29.01, a* value 21.06, b* value 19.56, pink and preferred color, aroma and texture slightly preferred, normal taste, and overall acceptance slightly preferred. Keywords: kefir, red bean milk, red dragon fruit juice Abstrak Kefir merupakan minuman susu fermentasi dengan starter butir kefir (kefir grain) yang terdiri dari bakteri asam laktat dan beberapa jenis khamir nonpatogen. Pada umumnya, kefir dibuat menggunakan susu segar, tetapi alternatif susu nabati seperti susu kacang merah dapat digunakan karena mengandung karbohidrat dan protein, sehingga memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku produk susu fermentasi. Kefir dari susu kacang menghasilkan warna yang kurang disukai sehingga diperlukan penambahan sari buah naga merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan susu kacang merah dan sari buah naga merah terhadap karakteristik kefir dan menentukan perbandingan yang tepat untuk menghasilkan kefir dengan karakteristik terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan perbandingan susu kacang merah dan sari buah naga merah, yaitu 100:0, 99:1, 98:2, 97:3, dan 96:4. Perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga diperolah 15 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan susu kacang merah dan sari buah naga merah berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar protein, viskositas, uji warna (L* dan a*), uji hedonik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan penerimaan keseluruhan), dan uji skoring (warna) pada kefir. Perbandingan susu kacang merah 97% dan sari kacang merah 3% menghasilkan kefir dengan karakteristik terbaik dengan dengan kadar protein 1,41%, aktivitas antioksidan 30,35%, total asam 1%, pH 4,07, total BAL 8,26 log cfu/ml, total khamir 8,39 log cfu/ml, viskositas 653,33 mpa.s, nilai L* 29,01, nilai a* 21,06, nilai b* 19,56, warna merah muda dan disukai, aroma dan tekstur agak suka, rasa biasa, serta penerimaan keseluruhan agak suka. Kata kunci: Kefir, susu kacang merah, sari buah naga merah
Skrining Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Feses Luwak Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik Faustine Theodore; Komang Ayu Nocianitri; Sayi Hatiningsih
Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): ITEPA
Publisher : Study Program of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/itepa.2025.v14.i04.p10

Abstract

Abstract Probiotics play an important role in maintaining gut microbiota balance and supporting digestive health. They can be isolated from various natural sources, including plants, soil, water, and the digestive tracts of animals or humans. To qualify as probiotics, potential strains must meet specific criteria: they must be safe to consume, resistant to stomach acid and bile, and capable of producing antimicrobial compounds. This study evaluated the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from civet feces as probiotics based on their resistance to low pH and bile salts and their inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. Ten LAB isolates were tested for resistance at pH levels of 2, 3, and 4. Those resistant to low pH were tested for resistance to 0.3% bile salts. Those that were resistant low pH and bile salts were tested for their ability to inhibit E. coli ATCC 25922 using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that four isolates; FL 6, FL 19, FL 21, and FL 40 had resistance to low pH by 67.8% to 72.8%, and resistance to bile salts by 86% to 91%. These four isolates exhibited inhibitory activity against E. coli, with inhibition zones ranging from 6.0 to 7.3 mm. They were categorized as having moderate inhibitory activity, with isolate FL 19 exhibiting the highest activity. Lactic acid bacteria isolates from civet feces have probiotic potential because they can withstand extreme conditions in the digestive tract and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: bile salt, civet feces, lactic acid bacteria, low pH, probiotic Abstrak Probiotik berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan mikrobiota usus dan mendukung kesehatan pencernaan. Probiotik dapat diisolasi dari berbagai sumber alam, seperti tanaman, tanah, air, dan saluran pencernaan hewan ataupun manusia. Strain yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik harus memenuhi syarat, seperti aman dikonsumsi, tahan terhadap cairan lambung dan empedu, dan menghasilkan senyawa antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi isolat bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dari feses luwak sebagai kandidat probiotik berdasarkan ketahanan terhadap pH rendah, garam empedu, dan kemampuan daya hambat terhadap Escherichia coli. Sebanyak 10 isolat BAL diuji ketahanannya terhadap pH 2, 3, dan 4. Isolat yang tahan terhadap pH rendah dilanjutkan dengan uji ketahanan terhadap garam empedu 0,3 persen. Isolat yang mempunyai ketahanan terhadap pH rendah dan garam empedu dilanjutkan dengan uji daya hambat terhadap E. coli ATCC 25922 menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa empat isolat yaitu FL 6, FL 19, FL 21, dan FL 40 mempunyai ketahanan terhadap pada pH rendah sebesar 67,8% hingga 72,8%, dan ketahanan terhadap garam empedu sebesar 86% hingga 91%. Keempat isolat tersebut juga menunjukkan aktivitas daya hambat terhadap E. coli dengan zona hambat berkisar antara 6,0 hingga 7,3 mm dengan kategori sedang dan isolat FL 19 memberikan daya hambat tertinggi terhadap bakteri E. coli. Isolat BAL dari feses luwak berpotensi sebagai probiotik karena memenuhi beberapa kriteria, yaitu tahan terhadap kondisi ekstrem di saluran pencernaan dan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Kata kunci: bakteri asam laktat, feses luwak, garam empedu, pH rendah, probiotik
Co-Authors Fattya Nur Nandayicka Faustine Theodore Felicia Alessandra Jessie Siswanto Gabrielle Thasya Wangsaputri I Nengah Kencana Putra I Putu Suparthana KOMANG AYU NOCIANITRI Luh Putu Trisna Darmayanti Mia Primsa Ginting Ni Kadek Dwi Putri Yulia Pramesti Kastawa Ni Made Indri Hapsari Arihantana Ni Made Yusa Ni Nyoman Puspawati Ni Putu Suriani Wirda Insani