This study aims to analyze the implementation of Deep Learning in Sociology instruction at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Semarang, focusing on teacher competencies and classroom dynamics in supporting student engagement and deep understanding. The research approach used is qualitative, employing a case study method. Research subjects were selected using purposive sampling, which included Sociology teachers and 11th-grade students majoring in Social Sciences. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, then analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin analytical model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study employs data validation techniques, specifically methodological triangulation and participant verification. This research is significant due to the growing demands of 21st-century learning, which emphasizes critical thinking, collaboration, and meaningful learning, while the implementation of Deep Learning in Sociology instruction is still relatively new and has not been extensively studied in terms of classroom dynamics. The results indicate that teachers play a crucial role through their pedagogical, professional, personal, and social competencies as the primary foundation for implementing Deep Learning. However, several challenges exist, including variations in students’ abilities to understand case studies that lack contextual relevance, limitations in instructional materials, and gaps in teachers’ understanding of Deep Learning policies. Cooperative learning and problem-based learning strategies have proven effective in overcoming these obstacles through peer discussions, contextual case analysis, and active student engagement. This study offers theoretical implications that the application of Deep Learning enhances meaningful learning through Lev Vygotsky’s social constructivism perspective, particularly the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development.