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All Journal Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series
F Heru Widodo, F Heru
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Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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NOTE AND CORRESPONDENCE TANGGAPAN TERHADAP TULISAN REANALISIS KONDISI ATMOSFER UNTUK DEKLARASI FAVOURABLE-DAY Widodo, F Heru; Nuryanto, Satyo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (190.8 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v2i1.2152

Abstract

Keputusan “favourable day” pada tanggal 18 Desember 1999, berdasarkan hasil analisiswahana radiosonde dan sinop/satelit yang menyatakan favourable day meskipun wahana cuaca permukaan dan pibal menyatakan unfavourable day. Keputusan ini sesuai dengan desain penelitian. Hasil survey dengan pesawat yang dilengkapi dengan pengukuran LWC menunjukan bahwa kondisi cuaca mendukung terbentuknya awan cumulus kongestus dengan nilai LWC memenuhi kriteria desain penelitian. Dengan dasar ini amplop (untuk randomized seeding) dibuka dan menyatakan “SEED” (dilakukanpenyemaian), maka dilakukan penyebaran bahan semai di dalam awan. Karena prosedur sudah mengikuti desain penelitian, maka data sampel semai pada tanggal 18 Desember 1999 sah dan tidak bisa digugurkan atau dikeluarkan dari set data semai. Reanalisis kondisi cuaca dalam kasus ini tidak dapat dipakai untuk menggugurkan data semai tapi untuk mengevaluasi keakuratan analisis kondisi cuaca sebelumnya.Decision of “favourable day” on 18 December 1999 was based on the result of dataanalyses of radiosonde and synoptic weather/satellite imageries which stated that theday was favourable to find cumulus congestus development over study area, even dataanalyses of surface weather and winds data said unfavourable day. The decision met the criteria of the research design. Morover, survey using aircraft indicated that LWC wasalso met the criteria. Based on these assessments, the randomized seeding was carriedout and the envelope said to be seeded, therefore seeding was done. Becauseprocedures to carry out randomized seeding met the reaserch design, data of randomized seeding on 18 December 1999 was valid and should not be exluded fromdata set. In this case, weather condition reanalyses should not be utilized to drop databut to weigh up the precision of weather condition analysis.
EVALUASI HASIL PENELITIAN PENGUJIAN EFEK BAHAN SEMAI CaO UNTUK MENGURANGI CURAH HUJAN DI DAS SAGULING JAWA BARAT TAHUN ANGGARAN 1999/2000 - 2000 Widodo, F Heru
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.593 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v2i1.2144

Abstract

UPT Hujan Buatan telah melakukan penelitian pembuyaran awan dengan bahan semaiCaO sejak tahun 1999. Sampel data yang dikumpulkan hanya untuk kondisi cuaca yangmendukung terbentuknya awan potensial. Hari-hari untuk dilakukan semai dan tidaksemai ditentukan dengan metode random. Walaupun kesimpulan sementara daripenelitian ini belum final, pengujian statistik dengan Metode Wilcoxson-Mann-Whitneysementara ini menunjukkan bahwa injeksi kapor tohor kedalam awan tidak memberikanefek terhadap eksistensi awan, dan curah hujan wilayah saat dilakukan semai tidak bedanyata dengan curah hujan wilayah ketika tidak dilakukan semai.Weather Modification Technical Service Unit (UPT Hujan Buatan) was conductedexperiments of cloud dispersal using quick lime (CaO) since 1999. Samples data werecollected only during favorable days. Seeded days or unseeded days were decidedrandomly. Although the conclusion not final yet, statistical test of Wilcoxson-Mann-Whitney method indicated that injection of Calcium Oxide (CaO) on cloud didn’t have anysignificant effect on cloud dispersal and rainfall data during seeding days were notdifferent significantly from that during unseeding days
MANFAAT EKONOMIS DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CITARUM Widodo, F Heru; Tukiyat, Tukiyat
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 11, No 2 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (800.444 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v11i2.2182

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung B/C ratio dari pelaksanaan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca melalui parameter-parameter nilai biaya produksi, banyaknya air yang dibutuhkan untuk pengairan, harga gabah per ton, produksi gabah per ha, sehingga nilai B/C dari pelaksanaan TMC sebagai nilai riil yang sudah bisa dipertangungjawabkan kepada publik. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung nilai ekonomis penerapan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Jawa Barat dari aspek PLTA dan pertanian. Data penelitian berupa data sekunder dari hasil kegiatan TMC di Das Citarum tahun 2007. Adapun data yang dibutuhkan dalam penulisan paper adalah data aliran Waduk (DMA, Inflow dan Outflow) selama kegiatan TMC berlangsung antara lain data: tambahan potensi energi listrik; besarnya volume air yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan 1 kWh; harga listrik per kWh; estimasi hasil produksi padi per hektar; biaya produksi pertanian per ha per tanam; estimasi besarnya kebutuhan air pertanian per hektar per panen; harga gabah kering giling per kg; biaya pelaksanaan TMC. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui survei lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan kelompok tani di daerah Subang, Karawang, dan Indramayu dengan didukung studi literatur yang terkait dengan informasi mengenai aspek ekonomi Teknologi Mudifikasi cuaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tambahan air kegiatan TMC di Das Citarum tahun 2007 sebanyak 716,92 juta m3. Dengan tambahan air tersebut dapat menghasilkan jumlah kWh listrik sebanyak 447.284.99 kWh. Dari tambahan air tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomi pada sektor PLTA sebesar Rp. 85.252.520.810,- dan sektor pertanian sebesar Rp. 610.643.840.116,- Manfaat ekonomi secara total kegiatan TMC sebesar Rp. 695.896.360.926,- Dari hasil tersebut secara ekonomis besarnya nilai B/C rasio sebesar 233:1. Hal ini berarti setiap pengeluaran sebesar Rp.1,- maka akan dapat diperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 233,-This study aimed to calculate benefit cost ratio of the implementation of WeatherModification Technology and to learn about production costs, the amount of waterneeded for irrigation, the price of grain per ton, the production of grain per hectare,so the value of B / C of the implementation of the TMC as a real value which canresponsibility to the public. Specifically this study aims to calculate the economic value the application of the weather modification technology on the Citarum River Basin of West Java from the aspects of hydropower and agriculture. The research data in the form of secondary data that are time-series in 2007. The research data in the formof secondary data from the TMC in Das Citarum activities in 2007. The data requiredfor the writing of this paper include: data stream reservoir (DMA, Inflow and Outflow)for TMC events take place, among others: Additional data potential of electric energy;cost data for agricultural production per hectare per cropping; data size of the volumeof water used to produce 1 kWh; electricity prices per kWh; data estimation of riceproduction per hectare; estimate the amount of agricultural water demand per hectareper harvest, the price of milled rice per kg dry; cost of operation TMC. Data collectingtechniques through interviews with farmers groups in the area of Subang, Karawang,Indramayu supported by studies in the literature after the focus of research relatedto information regarding the economic aspects of technology Mudifikasi weather. Theresults showed that the additional amount of water activity of TMC in Das Citarum2007 as many as 716.92 million m3. With the addition of water during TMC activitiescan generate as much electricity as the number of kWh 447.284.99. Benefit of TMC inhydropower sector Rp. 85,252,520,810 and benefits in the agricultural sector Rp. 610643 840 116. Total economic benefits of TMC activity Rp. 695 896 360 926, - The result analysis B/C ratio of 233:1. This means that every expenditure amounting to Rp1, - you will get an income of Rp. 233
PERHITUNGAN EFISIENSI KEGIATAN HUJAN BUATAN STUDI KASUS: KEGIATAN HUJAN BUATAN DI DAS RIAMKANAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN 08 OKTOBER HINGGA 07 NOPEMBER 1999 Widodo, F Heru
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 1, No 2 (2000): December 2000
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (36.969 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v1i2.2129

Abstract

Teknologi Hujan Buatan sudah diterapkan di Indonesia sejak tahun 1985. Banyakpengalaman telah diperoleh untuk menyempurnakan teknologi ini, seperti dalampenggunaan bahan semai maupun pada strategi penyemaian awan. Namun demikiansetiap diadakan kegiatan hujan buatan selalu muncul pertanyaan apakah kegiatan hujan buatan dinilai cukup efisien. Untuk menilai apakah kegiatan hujan buatan cukup efisien, dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung harga air dan listrik selama kegiatan berlangsung. Pelaksanaan kegiatan hujan buatan di DAS Riam kanan Kalimantan Selatan yang berlangsung 8 Oktober hingga 7 Nopember 1999, memberikan hasil yang cukup efisien jika dihitung dari harga air dan listrik selama kegiatan. Besarnya nilai keuntungan PLN Wilayah VI mencapai sebesar Rp. 169.796.860. Nilai keuntungan ini belum termasuk keuntungan ekonomis yang lain seperti: tambahan cadangan air tanah di daerah hulu, menyuburkan hutan dan tanaman karena adanya hujan, mengisi cadangan air di bendung-bendung kecil yang ada di hulu sungai.Weather Modification Technology has been used in Indonesia since 1985. Variousexperiences gained to refine this technology, for example, the use of seeding materialand cloud seeding strategy. Nevertheless, on every activity of weather modification, there is always the question “Is this weather modification activity efficient enough?.” Toevaluate the efficiency of a weather modification activity, one may calculate the prices of water and electricity during a weather modification activity. The activity of weather modification at Riam Kanan Watershed, South Kalimantan, for the months of October 8 until November 7 1999, yield a result that is quite efficient when calculated from prices of water and electricity during the activity. The profit value from PLN sector VI during this activity was Rp. 169.796.860. This profit value does not include other economic profits like the addition of ground water reserve on the upstream, fertilization of forest and plant, addition of water reserve in small dams on the upstream.
NOTE AND CORRESPONDENCE TANGGAPAN TERHADAP TULISAN REANALISIS KONDISI ATMOSFER UNTUK DEKLARASI FAVOURABLE-DAY Widodo, F Heru; Nuryanto, Satyo
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (190.8 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v2i1.2152

Abstract

Keputusan ?favourable day? pada tanggal 18 Desember 1999, berdasarkan hasil analisiswahana radiosonde dan sinop/satelit yang menyatakan favourable day meskipun wahana cuaca permukaan dan pibal menyatakan unfavourable day. Keputusan ini sesuai dengan desain penelitian. Hasil survey dengan pesawat yang dilengkapi dengan pengukuran LWC menunjukan bahwa kondisi cuaca mendukung terbentuknya awan cumulus kongestus dengan nilai LWC memenuhi kriteria desain penelitian. Dengan dasar ini amplop (untuk randomized seeding) dibuka dan menyatakan ?SEED? (dilakukanpenyemaian), maka dilakukan penyebaran bahan semai di dalam awan. Karena prosedur sudah mengikuti desain penelitian, maka data sampel semai pada tanggal 18 Desember 1999 sah dan tidak bisa digugurkan atau dikeluarkan dari set data semai. Reanalisis kondisi cuaca dalam kasus ini tidak dapat dipakai untuk menggugurkan data semai tapi untuk mengevaluasi keakuratan analisis kondisi cuaca sebelumnya.Decision of ?favourable day? on 18 December 1999 was based on the result of dataanalyses of radiosonde and synoptic weather/satellite imageries which stated that theday was favourable to find cumulus congestus development over study area, even dataanalyses of surface weather and winds data said unfavourable day. The decision met the criteria of the research design. Morover, survey using aircraft indicated that LWC wasalso met the criteria. Based on these assessments, the randomized seeding was carriedout and the envelope said to be seeded, therefore seeding was done. Becauseprocedures to carry out randomized seeding met the reaserch design, data of randomized seeding on 18 December 1999 was valid and should not be exluded fromdata set. In this case, weather condition reanalyses should not be utilized to drop databut to weigh up the precision of weather condition analysis.
EVALUASI HASIL PENELITIAN PENGUJIAN EFEK BAHAN SEMAI CAO UNTUK MENGURANGI CURAH HUJAN DI DAS SAGULING JAWA BARAT TAHUN ANGGARAN 1999/2000 - 2000 Widodo, F Heru
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 2, No 1 (2001): June 2001
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.593 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v2i1.2144

Abstract

UPT Hujan Buatan telah melakukan penelitian pembuyaran awan dengan bahan semaiCaO sejak tahun 1999. Sampel data yang dikumpulkan hanya untuk kondisi cuaca yangmendukung terbentuknya awan potensial. Hari-hari untuk dilakukan semai dan tidaksemai ditentukan dengan metode random. Walaupun kesimpulan sementara daripenelitian ini belum final, pengujian statistik dengan Metode Wilcoxson-Mann-Whitneysementara ini menunjukkan bahwa injeksi kapor tohor kedalam awan tidak memberikanefek terhadap eksistensi awan, dan curah hujan wilayah saat dilakukan semai tidak bedanyata dengan curah hujan wilayah ketika tidak dilakukan semai.Weather Modification Technical Service Unit (UPT Hujan Buatan) was conductedexperiments of cloud dispersal using quick lime (CaO) since 1999. Samples data werecollected only during favorable days. Seeded days or unseeded days were decidedrandomly. Although the conclusion not final yet, statistical test of Wilcoxson-Mann-Whitney method indicated that injection of Calcium Oxide (CaO) on cloud didn?t have anysignificant effect on cloud dispersal and rainfall data during seeding days were notdifferent significantly from that during unseeding days
MANFAAT EKONOMIS DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CITARUM Widodo, F Heru; Tukiyat, Tukiyat
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 11, No 2 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (800.444 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v11i2.2182

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung B/C ratio dari pelaksanaan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca melalui parameter-parameter nilai biaya produksi, banyaknya air yang dibutuhkan untuk pengairan, harga gabah per ton, produksi gabah per ha, sehingga nilai B/C dari pelaksanaan TMC sebagai nilai riil yang sudah bisa dipertangungjawabkan kepada publik. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung nilai ekonomis penerapan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Jawa Barat dari aspek PLTA dan pertanian. Data penelitian berupa data sekunder dari hasil kegiatan TMC di Das Citarum tahun 2007. Adapun data yang dibutuhkan dalam penulisan paper adalah data aliran Waduk (DMA, Inflow dan Outflow) selama kegiatan TMC berlangsung antara lain data: tambahan potensi energi listrik; besarnya volume air yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan 1 kWh; harga listrik per kWh; estimasi hasil produksi padi per hektar; biaya produksi pertanian per ha per tanam; estimasi besarnya kebutuhan air pertanian per hektar per panen; harga gabah kering giling per kg; biaya pelaksanaan TMC. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui survei lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan kelompok tani di daerah Subang, Karawang, dan Indramayu dengan didukung studi literatur yang terkait dengan informasi mengenai aspek ekonomi Teknologi Mudifikasi cuaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tambahan air kegiatan TMC di Das Citarum tahun 2007 sebanyak 716,92 juta m3. Dengan tambahan air tersebut dapat menghasilkan jumlah kWh listrik sebanyak 447.284.99 kWh. Dari tambahan air tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomi pada sektor PLTA sebesar Rp. 85.252.520.810,- dan sektor pertanian sebesar Rp. 610.643.840.116,- Manfaat ekonomi secara total kegiatan TMC sebesar Rp. 695.896.360.926,- Dari hasil tersebut secara ekonomis besarnya nilai B/C rasio sebesar 233:1. Hal ini berarti setiap pengeluaran sebesar Rp.1,- maka akan dapat diperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 233,-This study aimed to calculate benefit cost ratio of the implementation of WeatherModification Technology and to learn about production costs, the amount of waterneeded for irrigation, the price of grain per ton, the production of grain per hectare,so the value of B / C of the implementation of the TMC as a real value which canresponsibility to the public. Specifically this study aims to calculate the economic value the application of the weather modification technology on the Citarum River Basin of West Java from the aspects of hydropower and agriculture. The research data in the form of secondary data that are time-series in 2007. The research data in the formof secondary data from the TMC in Das Citarum activities in 2007. The data requiredfor the writing of this paper include: data stream reservoir (DMA, Inflow and Outflow)for TMC events take place, among others: Additional data potential of electric energy;cost data for agricultural production per hectare per cropping; data size of the volumeof water used to produce 1 kWh; electricity prices per kWh; data estimation of riceproduction per hectare; estimate the amount of agricultural water demand per hectareper harvest, the price of milled rice per kg dry; cost of operation TMC. Data collectingtechniques through interviews with farmers groups in the area of Subang, Karawang,Indramayu supported by studies in the literature after the focus of research relatedto information regarding the economic aspects of technology Mudifikasi weather. Theresults showed that the additional amount of water activity of TMC in Das Citarum2007 as many as 716.92 million m3. With the addition of water during TMC activitiescan generate as much electricity as the number of kWh 447.284.99. Benefit of TMC inhydropower sector Rp. 85,252,520,810 and benefits in the agricultural sector Rp. 610643 840 116. Total economic benefits of TMC activity Rp. 695 896 360 926, - The result analysis B/C ratio of 233:1. This means that every expenditure amounting to Rp1, - you will get an income of Rp. 233
PERHITUNGAN EFISIENSI KEGIATAN HUJAN BUATAN STUDI KASUS: KEGIATAN HUJAN BUATAN DI DAS RIAMKANAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN 08 OKTOBER HINGGA 07 NOPEMBER 1999 Widodo, F Heru
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol 1, No 2 (2000): December 2000
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (36.969 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v1i2.2129

Abstract

Teknologi Hujan Buatan sudah diterapkan di Indonesia sejak tahun 1985. Banyakpengalaman telah diperoleh untuk menyempurnakan teknologi ini, seperti dalampenggunaan bahan semai maupun pada strategi penyemaian awan. Namun demikiansetiap diadakan kegiatan hujan buatan selalu muncul pertanyaan apakah kegiatan hujan buatan dinilai cukup efisien. Untuk menilai apakah kegiatan hujan buatan cukup efisien, dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung harga air dan listrik selama kegiatan berlangsung. Pelaksanaan kegiatan hujan buatan di DAS Riam kanan Kalimantan Selatan yang berlangsung 8 Oktober hingga 7 Nopember 1999, memberikan hasil yang cukup efisien jika dihitung dari harga air dan listrik selama kegiatan. Besarnya nilai keuntungan PLN Wilayah VI mencapai sebesar Rp. 169.796.860. Nilai keuntungan ini belum termasuk keuntungan ekonomis yang lain seperti: tambahan cadangan air tanah di daerah hulu, menyuburkan hutan dan tanaman karena adanya hujan, mengisi cadangan air di bendung-bendung kecil yang ada di hulu sungai.Weather Modification Technology has been used in Indonesia since 1985. Variousexperiences gained to refine this technology, for example, the use of seeding materialand cloud seeding strategy. Nevertheless, on every activity of weather modification, there is always the question ?Is this weather modification activity efficient enough?.? Toevaluate the efficiency of a weather modification activity, one may calculate the prices of water and electricity during a weather modification activity. The activity of weather modification at Riam Kanan Watershed, South Kalimantan, for the months of October 8 until November 7 1999, yield a result that is quite efficient when calculated from prices of water and electricity during the activity. The profit value from PLN sector VI during this activity was Rp. 169.796.860. This profit value does not include other economic profits like the addition of ground water reserve on the upstream, fertilization of forest and plant, addition of water reserve in small dams on the upstream.
Anion-based Weather Modification Technology to Reduce Food and Forest Fire Risks (Karhutla) during Covid-19 Pandemic Goenawan, R Djoko; Tukiyat, Tukiyat; Widodo, F Heru
Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series Vol 3, No 1 (2020): Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (439.54 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/shes.v3i1.45013

Abstract

During the dry season there was potential for forest and land fires and the water supply in the reservoir was reduced, including electricity & agriculture. An effort made by Government (1976-2020), was TMC (weather modification technology) which used aircraft and chemicals. Many roads lead to Rome, including Anion-based TMC and solar power. TMC Anion in Indonesia is still being studied, but in several countries it has entered the operational and commercial phases and can compete with the provision of clean water with other technologies. TMC studies and experiences in Australia, Oman, Jordan, as well as Germany, Switzerland and Russia. TMC is very prospect applied in Indonesia, also very economical. In addition, smoke as Karhutla particles is a problem, both visibility and ISPA disease, with TMC Anions smoke can be modified into CCN and finally into clouds and rain, so that Karhutla can be reduced and water supply can be fulfilled.
Co-Authors R Djoko Goenawan, R Djoko Satyo Nuryanto, Satyo Tukiyat Tukiyat, Tukiyat