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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Physics

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The Effect of Sorbitol Concentration on the Characteristics of Starch-Based Bioplastics Rega Desramadhani; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 12 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v12i2.70390

Abstract

Bioplastics are plastics that can be decomposed naturally by microorganisms into environmentally friendly compounds. One of the natural materials that are widely used to make bioplastics is starch. Potato starch and taro starch have the potential as raw materials for making bioplastics, but it is necessary to increase the brightness of the starch by modifying the starch using NaOCl. Bioplastics made from starch have low mechanical properties, so it is necessary to add a material that can improve mechanical properties, namely a plasticizer. The addition of sorbitol as a plasticizer is expected to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics. The production of bioplastics begins with the oxidation of potato starch and taro starch, then the plasticizer sorbitol is added with various concentrations of 1.5; 2; and 2.5 (%v). Bioplastics are characterized by testing physical and mechanical properties. The addition of sorbitol concentration affects the physical and mechanical properties produced. The best treatment for the manufacture of bioplastics based on oxidized potato starch and taro starch was obtained at a sorbitol concentration of 1.5% v with a tensile strength of 3.77 MPa and 2.53 MPa, elongation of 19.96% and 8.53%, Modulus Young 18.87% and 29.71%, thickness 0.1669 mm and 0.1517 mm, and water uptake of 74.90% and 66.47%. The results of identification of the functional groups of starch and bioplastics indicated the presence of the same functional groups in the same absorption area. The morphology of bioplastics from oxidized potato starch showed a rough surface, while the surface morphology of bioplastics from oxidized taro starch showed a smooth surface.
Optimization Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction of Dye from African Tulip Leaves (Spathodea Campanulata P. Beauv) and Optimization of it’s Application as A Textiles Dye Silvia Tri Ayu Ningtias; Harjono Harjono; Cepi Kurniawan; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 12 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v12i2.70623

Abstract

Along with the development of the textile industry in Indonesia, the use of synthetic dyes is also increasing. The use of natural dyes is an alternative to synthetic dyes because they are not toxic and harmless to the environment. African tulip leaves (Spathodea Campanulata P. Beauv) have potential as natural dyes because they contain tannins and flavonoids. African tulip leaf dyes were obtained by Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE) extraction with variations in extraction times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes with the solvents used, namely ethanol and methanol. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the type of solvent and extraction time on the dye content and test the resistance of the dye extract to washing. The results showed that the most optimal time for extraction of UAE in ethanol solvent was 15 minutes and methanol was 30 minutes. The process of applying the dye used the mordant KAl(SO4)2 and FeSO4 with various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 g/L) to increase the fastness to washing. The best results were shown by cotton cloth with the KAl(SO4)2 mordant at a concentration of 30 g/L, while the FeSO4 mordant at a concentration of 10 g/L was proven by a low ∆E value. The characterization results of African tulip leaf extract using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extract characterized by the presence of functional groups O-H, C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O-C, and C-O and the presence of peaks in the flavonoid absorption area and the visible light region at a wavelength of 662 and 660 nm.
Water Hyacinth Nanocellulose addition effect on the Mechanical Properties of Sweet Potato Starch-Based Bioplastics Milania Dwi Putri Mandasari; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 12 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v12i1.64735

Abstract

Environmental pollutionn that occurs is a problem that we must prevent in Indonesia. Factors causing enviromental pollution is plastic waste. This factor encourages the utilization of natural raw materials such as starch and nanocellulose in manufacture of biodegradable. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of nanocellulose on the mechanical properties of bioplastics. The results of the synthesis of nanocellulose water hyacinth stems through acid hydrolysis and sonication obtained a particle size of 279.8 nm. The results of testing the mechanical properties with the addition of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% nanocellulose showed that the tensile strength and elongation values increased with each of the highest values obtained by sample D nanocellulose 25% of 4.96 MPa and 80,80%. However, the elastic modulus results obtained were irregular values and the highest value was obtained by sample A nanocellulose 10% of 6.62%. The results of the biodegradation rate showed that the higher the concentration of nanocellulose, the lower the biodegradation rate, the highest value obtained by sample A was 60.34%. Based on the mechanical properties, it was shown that the best results were obtained for sample D. The best results, morphological tests were carried out which showed poor distribution of nanocellulose filler due to agglomeration in certain areas.
Antibacterial Test of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) Extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Mouthwash Elisabeth Carolina Pangestu; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol 12 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v12i3.74611

Abstract

Infeksi rongga mulut yang diakibatkan bakteri menjadi perhatian dalam kesehatan masyarakat. Pemanfaatan mouthwash ekstrak daun salam sebagai antibakteri mampu menekan pertumbuhan bakteri, sehingga kesehatan rongga mulut terjaga. Daun salam diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan beberapa jenis pelarut seperti etanol 96%, etil asetat, n-heksana dan kloroform dengan nilai rendemen sebesar 4,6%, 4%, 3,6%, dan 3,8%. Ekstrak akan melalui uji fitokimia, identifikasi menggunakan FTIR dan GC-MS serta uji antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli untuk mendapatkan ekstrak daun salam terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan GC-MS, pelarut etanol 96% mampu mengekstrak 21 senyawa metabolit sekunder, sedangkan pada pelarut lain hanya mampu mengekstrak 16 senyawa. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan diameter zona hambat ekstrak pelarut etanol 96% dan etil asetat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 12 mm, sedangkan pada bakteri Escherichia coli tidak muncul diameter zona hambat. Ekstrak daun salam pelarut etanol 96% dipilih sebagai bahan aktif pada sediaan mouthwash karena terkandung senyawa aktif antibakteri dari golongan alkaloid dan terpenoid. Hasil uji antibakteri terhadap sediaan mouthwash ekstrak daun salam diperoleh diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 2 mm, sedangkan pada Escherichia coli tidak membentuk zona hambat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan konsentrasi ekstrak daun salam yang rendah saat formulasi sediaan mouthwash.
Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Chitosan Bioplastics With the Addition of Glycerol and Glutaraldehyde Khafid Kholiq; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.4189

Abstract

Based on data from the Indonesian Plastic Industry Association (INAPLAS) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia is the largest contributor of plastic waste in the world. Efforts to overcome plastic waste can be done by making bioplastics. Bioplastics are plastics made from biopolymers which can be degraded and can be renewed. In this research, bioplastics were made using a method of mixing the ingredients and then poured into a baking dish. The materials used are sodium alginate and chitosan as the main components of bioplastics and the addition of plasticizers in the form of glycerol and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking. The variations of sodium alginate and chitosan polymers used are A(1:2); B(1:1); C(2:1) (w/w). The bioplastic characteristics tested include thickness, mechanical properties test, water absorption test, functional group test using FTIR, morphology test using SEM, and degradation test. The consecutive thickness test results are: bioplastic A of 0.140 mm, bioplastic B of 0.098 mm, and bioplastic C of 0.146 mm. The mechanical properties test results show the best tensile strength, elasticity and elongation at break values ​​of 1.72 MPa, 2.73 MPa and 63.66% for bioplastic C. Bioplastic A has the highest water resistance value with the lowest water absorption capacity of 37. 6%. The results of FTIR analysis of bioplastics show the presence of O-H, N-H, and C-O-O groups. Morphological test results on the composite surface show that the cross-link network forms an acetal bridge structure. Bioplastic B experienced the highest degradation with a weight reduction of 91.34%. The concentration of sodium alginate and chitosan affects the physical properties (thickness, water resistance and degradation) as well as the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break). Sodium alginate and chitosan bioplastics have a higher weight reduction percentage than commercial bioplastics with a weight reduction percentage of 14.58%.  
Synthesis Of Cellulose Acetate Based on Coconut Coir (Cocos nucifera L.) and I'ts Application on Bioplastic Fabrication Annisa Septa Cahyani; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.14214

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah, salah satunya yaitu tanaman kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.). Sabut kelapa merupakan produk samping dari tanaman kelapa yang memiliki berbagai manfaat. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh rendemen selulosa dari sabut kelapa sebesar 58,72%. Keberhasilan isolasi selulosa ditunjukan dengan munculnya puncak gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, dan C-O pada spektrum FTIR. Sintesis selulosa asetat telah dilakukan dengan memvariasikan perbandingan antara berat selulosa dan volume anhidrida asetat (1:10 dan 1:20) (b/v). Rendemen selulosa asetat hasil sintesis berturut-turut yaitu 30,44% dan 28,22%. Hasil sintesis menunjukan bahwa jenis selulosa asetat yang dihasilkan adalah selulosa monoasetat dengan derajat substitusi (DS) berturut-turut yaitu 0,48 dan 0,44. Keberhasilan sintesis selulosa asetat ditunjukan dengan munculnya puncak gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, C=O, dan C-O pada spektrum FTIR. Pada penelitian ini, selulosa asetat diaplikasikan dalam bioplastik dengan variasi konsentrasi 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% (b/b) dari berat tepung nasi aking. Aplikasi tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi selulosa asetat terhadap sifat mekanik dan fisik bioplastik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi selulosa asetat menghasilkan nilai tertinggi untuk kuat tarik sebesar 13,58 MPa, persen elongasi sebesar 3,66%, modulus elastisitas sebesar 9,64 MPa, dan mampu menahan air sebesar 49,90%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sifat mekanik, bioplastik berbasis selulosa asetat belum memenuhi standar bioplastik pada SNI-7188.7:2016.
Co-Authors Annisa Septa Cahyani Cepi Kurniawan Elisabeth Carolina Pangestu Harjono Harjono Khafid Kholiq Milania Dwi Putri Mandasari Rega Desramadhani Silvia Tri Ayu Ningtias