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Solikhah Solikhah
Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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RELEVANCE OF LEGAL ENTITY BAIT AT-TAMWIL (BT) BASED SYIRKAH FOR ISLAMIC BANK Burhanuddin Harahap; Luthfiyah Trini Hastuti; Solikhah Solikhah
Yustisia Vol 5, No 3: December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v5i3.8812

Abstract

  This study seeks to study the problems of incompatibility entities which exist in Indonesia.It is not compatible to the existing Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia because of differing philosophies. The problem studied is the barriers faced by Islamic banks regarding the necessity of Islamic banks incorporated limited liability company and the relevance of the legal entity Bait at-tamwil (BT) based syirkah for Islamic banks. Research methods used is an empirical law. It consists of research the legal identification and research on the effectiveness of the law.The type of data  are primary data and secondary data.The collection methods with interviews, focus group discussions and literature.Techniques of data analysis in this research  use the model interLawive analysis. The results showed that legal entity of the Limited Liability Company for Islamic banks are not suitable to meet the demands as stipulated in Islamic law. The Lawivities of Islamic banks are to meet the demands of sharia standards.Legal entity must be based on Islamic principles.It is not based on the principles of western culture where come from seculer perspective, limited liability company, individual, liberal and capital. Therefore the concept of a legal entity Bait at-Tamwil is very relevant to be legal entities Islamic banks which Islamic banks are really syar'i. 
BENTUK BADAN USAHA IDEAL UNTUK DAPAT DIPERTANGGUNGJAWABKAN SECARA HUKUM DALAM PENGELOLAAN BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (BMT) BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO DI EKS KARESIDENAN SURAKARTA Solikhah Solikhah; Burhanudin Harahap; Luthfiyah Trini Hastuti
Yustisia Vol 4, No 3: December 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v4i3.8694

Abstract

AbstractBank limited effort to reach the lower layers causing many lenders to lend money to small businesses with high interest. The economic crisis that hit Indonesia since 1997 require alternative financial institutions that are free from the element of riba. The existence of usury system by taking additional interest in the form of clear reviling people in that society began to turn to the Islamic financial institutions. The purpose of this study is to assess the implementation of cooperative enterprises and before cooperative the enactment of the act microfinance institutions in Surakarta and formulate the ideal form of business entity is legally accountable for the management of BMT is based on the act  microfinance institutions in Surakarta.This study consists of empirical research on legal identification and study of the effectiveness of the law. The intention is to link the law to attempt to achieve the destination and concrete needs in the community. The research is intended to find the ideal legal form BMT after enacted the act on microfinance institutions in Surakarta. Results of this study are the majority of BMT in Surakarta choosing legal entities because of the cooperative which is closer to the goal of BMT is to improve the welfare of young people. However, cooperatives are not suitable to be applied in BMT because of the different  philosophy and operational.The solution must be separated between Baitul Maal and Tamwil. Thus, the ideal form of legal entity Shariah compliance is Syirkah Inan. This is the type of law syirkah point of agreement among the fukoha. Even so this is a form syirkah syirkah widely practiced throughout Muslim history. This form of partnership is more convenient and practical because it does not require equality and employment equity. So I suggested to the Government to formulate the act that specifically regulate and recognize tamwil Syirkah Tamwil Inan as a legal entity. AbstrakBank yang terbatas menjangkau usaha lapisan bawah menyebabkan banyak rentenir meminjamkan uangnya kepada pelaku usaha kecil dengan bunga tinggi. Krisis ekonomi yang melanda Indonesia sejak tahun 1997 membutuhkan alternatif  lembaga keuangan yang bebas dari unsur riba. Keberadaan sistem riba dengan mengambil tambahan dalam bentuk bunga jelas mendzolimi masyarakat sehingga membuat masyarakat mulai beralih ke lembaga keuangan syariah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pelaksanaan badan usaha koperasi maupun prakoperasi sebelum berlakunya undang-undang lembaga keuangan mikro di Eks Karesidenan Surakarta dan merumuskan bentuk badan usaha ideal  untuk dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum dalam pengelolaan BMT berdasarkan undang-undang lembaga keuangan mikro di Eks Karesidenan Surakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat empiris yang terdiri dari penelitian terhadap identifikasi hukum dan penelitian terhadap efektivitas hukum. Maksudnya adalah mengkaitkan hukum kepada usaha untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan serta memenuhi kebutuhan konkret dalam masyarakat. Penelitian dimaksudkan untuk menemukan bentuk badan hukum ideal BMT setelah diberlakukan undang-undang tentang lembaga keuangan mikro di Eks Karesidenan Surakarta. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mayoritas BMT di Eks Karesidenan Surakarta memilih badan hukum koperasi karena koperasi yang lebih mendekati terhadap tujuan BMT yaitu untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat kecil. Akan tetapi,koperasi tidak cocok diterapkan di BMT karena secara falsafah dan operasional berbeda. Solusinya dipisahkan antara Baitul Maal dan Tamwil. Sehingga, bentuk badan hukum ideal yang sesuai syariah adalah Syirkah Inan. Hukum jenis syirkah ini merupakan titik kesepakatan di kalangan para fukoha. Demikan juga syirkah ini merupakan bentuk syirkah yang paling banyak dipraktekkan kaum Muslimin di sepanjang sejarahnya. Hal ini disebabkan karena bentuk perkongsian ini lebih mudah dan praktis karena tidak mensyaratkan persamaan modal dan pekerjaan. Sehingga penulis menyarankan kepada Pemerintah untuk merumuskan undang-undang yang mengatur secara khusus tentang tamwil dan mengakui Syirkah Inan sebagai badan hukum Tamwil.
Co-Authors Burhanuddin Harahap Burhanudin Harahap Luthfiyah Trini Hastuti