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All Journal Journal of Fiqh and Usul
اسماعیل نعمت اللهی, اسماعیل
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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The Impact of Obligation to Assignment of Ownership (Tamlīk) in Imāmī Jurisprudence and Iranian Law نعمت اللهی, اسماعیل
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û´, شماره. Û²: شماره پیاپی Û¸Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v1i1.12507

Abstract

In ordinary cases, the object of transaction in such contracts as sale (bay‘) and lease (ijāra) has financcial value like property (‘ayn) or profit, or physical action. However, whether obligation to performing an action has a financial value and can be the object of transaction is a matter of debate. In adition, in cases in which the subject of the obligation is the assignment of ownership (tamlīk) of a specific or general property, the question arises as to whether the obligation causes the ownership or claim for the obligee regarding that specific or general property. This article seeks to prove that the legal action has financial value and it can be taken as the object of transaction; however, such an action is normally actualized simply in the form of settlement of a claim (ṣulḥ) or an independent and anonymous contract as well as condition within the contract. Legal action, of course, has no direct financial value. For this reason, in cases in which the subject of the obligation is the assignment of ownership of a specific or general property, the impact of such dealing is simply the appearance of duty to fulfill the obligation with its specific impacts. The appearance of this duty does not have any correlation with the appearance of the obligee’s ownership for that specific or general property or any debt to the value of the undertaken action.
ذمه و عهده در فقه شیعه نعمت اللهی, اسماعیل
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û´, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û¹Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.13051

Abstract

مفهوم ذمه و عهده یکی از زیرمجموعه‌های بسیار مهم بحث تعهدات در فقه شیعه را تشکیل می‌دهد. کاربرد این دو واژه در متون فقهی، هم در ابواب عبادی و هم در ابواب معاملی (اعم از معاملات به معنای خاص، و ضمان قهری) بسیار شایع است. برخی از فقهای معاصر کوشیده‌اند تفاوت این دو واژه را به تقابل بین دو واژۀ عین و دین مرتبط سازند و ذمه و عهده را به ترتیب به عنوان ظرف دین و عین مطرح کنند. این مقاله در صدد بررسی صحت و سقم این نظریه است. به نظر نگارنده، تقابل ذمه و عهده در واقع به تقابل حکم تکلیفی و حکم وضعی باز می‌گردد: عهده ظرفی برای احکام تکلیفی و ذمه ظرفی برای حکم وضعیِ دین است.
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