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All Journal Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism
Yusuph Dauda Gambari
Department of Religion, University of Ilorin
Religion Arts Humanities Social Sciences

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A Critical Analysis of the Response of Ilorin Sufi Scholars to Anti-Sufi Uprising in the Seventies in Nigeria Yusuph Dauda Gambari
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora - UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/tos.v12i1.14504

Abstract

Sufism has been trailed by different criticisms for a long period. Different Muslim communities across the Muslim world have experienced anti-Sufism drives but launched in Nigeria in the seventies as it was inaugurated and coordinated by Shaykh Abubakar Mahmud Gumi, who acted under the guise and influence of Wahhābiyya-Salafiyya. As a result, Sufis across communities started responding by either preaching or writing. Sufi scholars in Ilorin, a border community between the North and South, were among the early responders to anti-Sufism who took to writing. Therefore, this paper is a critical analysis of the contents of Rafḍ al-Shubuhāt, written as a response to anti-Sufi waves in the city. An exegetical method of research was adopted to determine the appropriateness of the Sufi scholars to the anti-Sufism campaign in the metropolis. The findings revealed that most of the Salafiyya’s claims are unfounded and lack the proof to establish their genuineness, while the responses of the Sufi are not only appropriate but are also laced with evidence from the Qur’an, Ḥadīth, and submissions of different scholars, some of whom were Salafiyya scholars. The book is therefore recommended for the defence of Sufism in contemporary times.Contribution: This study contributes to revealing the efforts to tackle the anti-Sufism movement initiated by Sufis scholars in Ilorin Nigeria, by writing a book entitled Rafḍ al-Shubuhāt, as a counter-opinion.
Tapa in Ronggowarsito's Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti (1802-1873): The Convergence of Javanese Mysticism and Islamic Spirituality Arif Shofiullah; Amat Zuhri; Yusuph Dauda Gambari
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora - UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/tos.v14i2.30175

Abstract

Tapa, a form of Javanese asceticism, constitutes a longstanding tradition and a central element of spiritual life in Javanese society. This practice is frequently documented in Javanese literary works and is regarded as a significant cultural legacy. The present study analyses the concept of tapa in Raden Ngabehi Ronggowarsito's Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti, focusing on its relationship to Sufi teachings and its role as a process of spiritual discipline and moral transformation. The data were collected through documentation techniques and analysed using a descriptive-interpretive approach through content analysis. The results revealed that tapa is depicted as a systematic approach to self-discipline and moral refinement, with the objectives of attaining sastra cetha (manifest knowledge) and achieving manunggaling kawula Gusti (union of the servant with God). The text demonstrates parallels with Sufi teachings, including purification of the self (takhallī), cultivation of virtuous character (taḥallī), and the unveiling of veils for divine inspiration (tajallī), ultimately culminating in spiritual union with God, as represented by the concepts of ittiḥād and ḥulūl. Contribution: This study highlights the convergence of Javanese spiritual practices and Sufi teachings through Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti, revealing how tapa cultivates self-discipline, moral refinement, and spiritual awareness, corresponding to Sufi concepts such as takhallī, taḥallī, and tajallī.
Co-Authors Amat Zuhri Arif Shofiullah