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All Journal SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning)
Masahiro MAEDA
Kanazawa Seiryo University, Japan & University of Tsukuba, Japan
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Text and Instruction Necessary for the Facilitation of EFL Reader’s Predictive Inference Generation Masahiro MAEDA
SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning) Vol. 6 No. 2: July 2023
Publisher : Association of Language Teachers in Southeast Asia (ALTSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35307/saltel.v6i2.102

Abstract

Inference generation is necessary for reading to understand stories. However, it may be difficult for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) readers to generate inferences owing to their limited cognitive resources that are mostly used in lower-level processing such as lexical and syntactical analysis. Predictive inference, which facilitates readers’ context processing and construction of a situational model, can be challenging for EFL readers to produce during reading. This study focuses on textual conditions and teacher’s task instructions to suggest the appropriate text choices and task instructions to help EFL readers produce predictive inferences. Two story versions (High-predictability Target vs. Control) and two different instructions (Predict the end of the story vs. Memorize the names of characters) were compared using recall rates. The findings indicated that the combination of a high-predictability target story with instructions to predict the end of the story would be the most effective pair for predictive inference.
Text Coherence Necessary for the Promotion of Japanese EFL Learner’s Predictive Inference Generation Masahiro MAEDA
SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning) Vol. 6 No. 1: January 2023
Publisher : Association of Language Teachers in Southeast Asia (ALTSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35307/saltel.v6i1.105

Abstract

Reading is a very complex process consisting of lower- and higher-level processing. Inference generation is necessary to achieve higher-level processing. It is challenging for Japanese EFL readers because they must use many cognitive resources in lower-level processing, such as word recognition and syntax analysis. This study investigated the relationship between Japanese EFL learners' predictive inference generation as higher-level processing and text coherence from the encoding perspective rather than activation. We used a cued recall task whose rates would be evidence of the reader's encoding of predictive inferences. The recall rates in the high predictability target version, which allowed readers to predict an outcome easily, were more significant than other text versions, and results were affected by the reader's proficiency. These findings suggest that EFL learners' encoding of predictive inference can be influenced under the specific text conditions in higher-level proficiency groups.
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