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All Journal JURNAL ILMIAH MAKSITEK JURNAL ILMIAH KOHESI
JULIYANTI .
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN, UNIVERSITAS METHODIST INDONESIA
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HUBUNGAN JENIS KULIT DAN PENGGUNAAN KOSMETIK DENGAN TIPE MELASMA PADA WANITA USIA REPRODUKTIF DI WILAYAH KERJA UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS PUSKESMAS MEDAN DELI JULIYANTI .
JURNAL ILMIAH MAKSITEK Vol 8 No 2 (2023): JURNAL ILMIAH MAKSITEK
Publisher : LP2MTBM MAKARIOZ

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Abstract

Melasma is defined as a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder that can be found in the dermis and epidermis. Melasma is commonly seen in women, especially of childbearing age, but can also affect adolescents, parents undergoing treatment, as well as idiopathic men. Morphologically, melasma appears symmetrical with uneven pigmentation, irregular margins in the center, cheeks and mandible. This study aims to determine the relationship between skin type and use of cosmetics with type of melasma in women of childbearing age. This type of research uses an analytic observational method with a cross sectional design. Frequency distribution of the most common type of melasma is found in the mixed type (42.3%), respondents with skin type IV (36.5%) , and respondents with a history of cosmetic use (63.5%). Spearman statistical test obtained p value < 0.05 for each variable. Based on the results of the statistical Spearman test that has been carried out, there is a significant relationship between skin type and use of cosmetics on the type of melasma with a p value obtained < 0.05, and the most dominant factors influencing the occurrence of melasma are hormonal and use of cosmetics.
PERISTIWA MASUKNYA KUMAN M. LEPRAE SECARA IMUNOLOGI DAN TROYAN HORSE FENOMENA JULIYANTI .
JURNAL ILMIAH KOHESI Vol 7 No 3 (2023): JURNAL ILMIAH KOHESI
Publisher : LP2MTBM MAKARIOZ

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Abstract

The immune response to most organisms consists of 2 components, cellular and humoral. M. Leprae and the pattern of clinical manifestations shown by leprosy patients are highly dependent on human genes which may be related to several chromosomal regions, such as chromosomes 6q25, 10p13, 17q11-q21, 20p12. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by lymphocytes which are processed during fetal life by the thymus and are called T lymphocytes or T cells. Mycobacterium leprae may enter the body through the nose and then spread to the skin and nerves via the circulation and the Trojan horse phenomenon occurs. A mechanism for M. Leprae to escape the attack of the first layer of the immune system by riding in monocytes as in the infection is tuberculosis in the lungs, and being carried into deeper organs while multiplying. Human toll-like receptor macrophage activation also up-regulates the expression of vitamin D receptors and the vitamin D-1-hydroxylase gene, leading to triggering of antimicrobial cathelicidin peptides and intracellular M. tuberculosis eradication. Many factors play a role when the germs that cause leprosy enter the human body, apart from a person's immune system, genetic factors, the pathogenicity of the germs themselves.
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