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Martha Carolina
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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ANALISA HUBUNGAN KAUSALITAS ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, NERACA PERDAGANGAN, DAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH Martha Carolina; Ade Nurul Aida
Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara Vol 1 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Anggaran

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This research is intended to examine the relationship between economic growth, trade balance and exchange rate. This type of research is a descriptive research with quantitative approach. Determination of the sample is based on time series data for a period of 30 years ranges from 1985 to 2015 period by using saturation sampling method, as many as 29 samples. This research was conducted by using secondary data, such as the Indonesian currency exchange rate against the US dollar published by BI and GDP data published by BPS. Based on Granger Causality Test, this result has shown that there is a significant positive correlation between economic growth and exchange rate, there was no positive correlation a significantly between economic growth and net exports, and there was no positive correlation significantly between net exports and exchange rate.
Evaluasi Kritis Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) terhadap Kebijakan Subsidi Listrik Martha Carolina
Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara Vol 6 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Anggaran

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This research has objectives to explore the effect of electricity subsidies on the financial performance of The State Electricity Company (PT PLN Persero). This research uses the associative descriptive research method. The secondary data used in this study are quantitative, namely the financial statements of PT PLN (Persero) for 2010-2020. The results obtained that the financial performance of PT PLN (Persero) is highly dependent on government subsidies. Based on the results of the spearman rank correlation test, there is a relationship between the cash ratio and the solvency ratio with electricity subsidies. Also, there is no relationship between profitability ratios and liquidity ratios with electricity subsidies.
Assessing Poverty In Elderly Households: Empirical Evaluation And Policy Implications Martha Carolina; Jesly Panjaitan
Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara Vol 10 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Anggaran dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara

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Indonesia is undergoing a demographic transition marked by a rising proportion of elderly populations, presenting significant challenges to its economic system and social welfare policies. This study aims to assess poverty levels among elderly households and examine key determinants, including education, health insurance coverage, social assistance programs, and household structure. Utilizing 2024 Susenas data and Probit regression analysis, the findings reveal that higher education and health insurance ownership significantly reduce the likelihood of elderly poverty. Conversely, participation in social assistance programs such as the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) and Atensi Lansia is positively associated with poverty status—indicating accurate targeting, yet also underscoring persistent economic vulnerability. Additionally, larger household sizes increase poverty risk, while a greater number of working household members reduces it. These results highlight the need for holistic policy interventions—particularly in education, social protection expansion, and economic empowerment for the elderly—to mitigate the impact of population ageing and build a more inclusive and sustainable social protection system.
The Impact Of The Program Indonesia Pintar, School Operational Assistance, Special Allocation Fund And Gross Regional Domestic Product On Gross Enrollment Rate In 34 Indonesian Provinces 2020-2023 Martha Carolina; Jesly Panjaitan; Tio Riyono
Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara Vol 10 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Anggaran dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara

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Education is a key pillar of human resource development; however, the achievement of the Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) in Indonesia still faces challenges, particularly at the secondary level. This study analyzes the effects of the Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP), Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS), Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) in the education sector, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita on the GER across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2020 to 2023. Panel data regression was employed, with the best model selected through Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests, and the Random Effect Model (REM) used for estimation. The results reveal that GRDP per capita consistently exerts a positive and significant influence on the GER at all education levels, highlighting the importance of regional economic capacity in expanding educational access. The PIP shows a significant positive effect at the junior high school level but no significant impact at the elementary or senior high/vocational levels. BOS funds exhibit no significant effect across all levels, while DAK shows a negative and significant effect at the junior high level. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a significant impact, reducing overall enrollment ratios but slightly increasing participation at the elementary level. These findings emphasize the need for more contextual and adaptive education policies that align with regional economic capacities and program implementation effectiveness.
Co-Authors Ade Nurul Aida Jesly Panjaitan Tio Riyono