Risnayanti Risnayanti
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Jakarta

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Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Tengah Tantangan Toleransi Dan Kebebasan Beribadah Dalam Bingkai Pancasila Anes Prasetiyaningsih; Risnayanti Risnayanti; Kevin Anggi Mazmur
Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.681

Abstract

Christian leadership in Indonesia faces complex challenges in upholding tolerance and freedom of worship within a pluralistic society. Pancasila, as the foundation of the state, serves as a framework that governs national life and guarantees religious freedom as stated in the first principle and several articles of the 1945 Constitution. However, the implementation of these values often encounters obstacles such as intolerance, discrimination, and restrictions on religious activities. This article examines the role of Christian leadership in responding to these challenges by emphasizing the principles of love, service, and constructive interfaith dialogue. The study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant books and journals. The findings reveal that the values of Pancasila have not been fully realized in the context of religious pluralism, as acts of intolerance and violence in the name of religion remain prevalent. This study highlights the importance of strengthening spiritual leadership capacity in actualizing the values of Pancasila as a unifying force for the nation
Sintesis Teori Belajar Konstruktivisme dan Spiritualitas Pemuridan Kristen dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik Risnayanti Risnayanti; Anes Prasetiyaningsih
KHAMISYIM: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Vol 4, No 1 (2026): OKTOBER
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Alkitab Batu, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71415/jkmy.v4i1.77

Abstract

Christian Religious Education (CRE) is expected to shape students’ character in the digital era, yet the Indonesian National Assessment reports that 24.4 percent of students are potentially exposed to bullying at school, while CRE studies note that classroom practice is still teacher-centered and relies on memorization. Previous studies have applied constructivism to CRE, but they have not systematically linked it to the spirituality of Christian discipleship in character formation. This study aims to analyze the nature of constructivist learning theory according to Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, the spirituality of Christian discipleship in character formation, and the synthesis of the two. It employs a qualitative library research method, with content analysis conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that constructivism views knowledge as actively constructed by learners through cognitive schemas (Piaget) and guided social interaction (Vygotsky), while the spirituality of discipleship directs this process toward a relationship with God, renewal of the mind (metanoia), fellowship (koinonia), and exemplary modeling. Their synthesis yields a Faith-Based Transformative Pedagogy Model with four pillars: contextual experience, faith-based reflection, constructive dialogue, and transformative commitment within the community. The novelty of this study lies in combining Piaget–Vygotsky constructivism with the spirituality of discipleship in a single conceptual framework for character formation. Abstrak: Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) dituntut membentuk karakter peserta didik di era digital, tetapi hasil Asesmen Nasional mencatat 24,4 persen peserta didik di Indonesia berpotensi mengalami perundungan di sekolah, sementara kajian-kajian PAK menunjukkan pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada pendidik dan bertumpu pada hafalan. Penelitian terdahulu telah menerapkan konstruktivisme dalam PAK, tetapi belum mengaitkannya secara sistematis dengan spiritualitas pemuridan Kristen dalam pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hakikat teori belajar konstruktivisme menurut Jean Piaget dan Lev Vygotsky, spiritualitas pemuridan Kristen dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik, serta sintesis keduanya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan,  data dianalisis melalui analisis isi dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstruktivisme memandang pengetahuan sebagai hasil konstruksi aktif peserta didik melalui skema kognitif (Piaget) dan interaksi sosial yang dibimbing (Vygotsky), sedangkan spiritualitas pemuridan mengarahkan proses tersebut pada relasi dengan Allah, pembaruan budi (metanoia), persekutuan (koinonia), dan keteladanan. Sintesis keduanya menghasilkan Model pedagogi transformatif berbasis iman dengan empat pilar: pengalaman kontekstual, refleksi berbasis iman, dialog konstruktif, dan komitmen transformatif dalam komunitas. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pemaduan konstruktivisme Piaget-Vygotsky dengan spiritualitas pemuridan dalam satu kerangka konseptual pembentukan karakter. Kata Kunci: Konstruktivisme, Spiritualitas Pemuridan Kristen, Pembentukan karakter, Peserta didik