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All Journal Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry
Danica Anastasia
Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Public Health

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The Effect of Almond Milk on Tooth Enamel Surface Hardness Haniyah Fakhirah; Danica Anastasia; Rini Bikarindrasari
Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry
Publisher : Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya 

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/sjd.v3i2.35

Abstract

Introduction: Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and serves as the wear-resistant outer layer of the dental crown. Demineralization releases mineral ions which cause a decrease in the enamel surface hardness. Demineralization could be neutralized to recover minerals, and this process is called remineralization. Almond milk was an alternative to cow’s milk, supporting tooth enamel surface remineralization. Purpose: To determine the effect of almond milk on enamel hardness. Methods: Twenty maxillary premolars were divided into group A (control) and group B (almond milk). Before treatment, samples were soaked in 1% citric acid. Enamel hardness was tested with Vickers Hardness Tester. The statistical tests used in this study were Paired t-test and Independent Sample t-Test. Results: The results of the paired sample test got significant results in groups A and B in the comparison of pretest - 1% citric acid, and 1% citric acid - posttest, which means that there was a significant difference in enamel hardness values. However, the results obtained were not substantial in groups A and B in the posttest- pretest comparison. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in the independent sample test results. There was an increase before and after, but it was not much different when compared to the control. Conclusion: Almond milk can increase enamel surface hardness but cannot reverse the initial enamel surface hardness value.
The Effectiveness of Pagar Alam Green Tea Leaf Extract (Camellia sinensis L.) as an Irrigation Material on Smear Layer Removal Rhamasuci Putri Jasa; Merryca Belinda; Listia Eka Merdekawati; Danica Anastasia
Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry
Publisher : Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya 

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/rapb8h07

Abstract

Introduction: The smear layer is a by-product of root canal instrumentation that may interfere with effective canal disinfection. Irrigation plays a crucial role in removing debris, microorganisms, and smear layer, particularly in the apical third, which is difficult to clean due to anatomical complexity. Pagar Alam green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis L.) has been proposed as a natural alternative irrigation material with potential smear layer removal properties. Purpose: To determine the concentration of Pagar Alam green tea leaf extract that effectively removes smear layer. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used 24 mandibular premolar teeth divided into four treatment groups. Root canals were prepared using the crown-down technique with hand ProTaper instruments and irrigated as follows: Group A: 25% Pagar Alam green tea leaf extract; Group B: 50% Pagar Alam green tea leaf extract; Group C: 2.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA; and Group D: distilled water. The samples were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated under a measuring microscope at 1000× magnification using a visual scoring system. Data were analyzed using the Kappa test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in smear layer removal between Group B (50% Pagar Alam green tea leaf extract) and Group C (2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A 50% concentration of Pagar Alam green tea leaf extract is effective in removing the smear layer in the apical third of the root canal.
Co-Authors Haniyah Fakhirah Listia Eka Merdekawati Merryca Belinda Rhamasuci Putri Jasa Rini Bikarindrasari