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All Journal Pelita Perkebunan Wallacea Plant Protection Journal
Ade Rosmana
Hasanuddin University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Identification of a Disease on Cocoa Caused by Fusariumin Sulawesi Ade Rosmana; Hikmawati Hikmawati; Asman Asman
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i3.13

Abstract

A disease presumed to be caused by Fusarium was observed in cocoa open fields with few or without shade trees. Within the population of cocoa trees in the field, some trees had died, some had yellowing leaves and dieback, and the others were apparently healthy. In order to demonstrate Fusarium species as the causal pathogen and to obtain information concerning the incidence of the disease, its distribution and its impact on sustainability of cocoa, isolation of the pathogen, inoculation of cocoa seedlings with isolates and a survey of disease has been conducted. Fusarium was isolated from roots and branches, and inoculated onto cocoa seedlings (one month old) via soil. Symptoms appeared within 3-4 weeks after infection. These symptoms consisted of yellowing of leaves beginning from the bottom until the leaves falldown, and browning internal of vascular tissue. Darkened vascular traces in the petiole characteristic of vascularstreak dieback infection were absent. The occurrence of Fusarium in the field was characterized by the absence of obvious signs of fungal infestation on root of infected trees, yellowing of leaves on twigs, dieback, and tree mortality in severe infestations. Disease incidence could reach 77% and in this situation it was difficult for trees recover from heavy infections or to be regenerated in the farm. The study proves that Fusarium is a pathogen causing dieback and the disease is called as Fusarium vascular dieback (FVD). Its development is apparently enhanced by dry conditions in the field. Key words: Fusarium sp., vascular disease, dieback, FVD, Theobroma cacao L.
Effect of lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) and kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix DC.) powders on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Binti Nur Anggriani; Ade Rosmana; M. Bayu Mario; Wardani Syahrani; Ahdin Gassa
Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i2.48521

Abstract

One of the secondary pests of stored rice is Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Damage caused by this insect includes fungal contamination and the release of benzoquinone-containing secretions, which may pose health risks to humans. Postharvest pest control commonly relies on synthetic fumigant insecticides, yet their use is associated with environmental and health concerns. Plant-derived fumigants offer a more eco-friendly alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the fumigant effects of plant powders from lime (Citrus × aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) and kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix DC.) on the mortality of T. castaneum adult. The experiment employed a untreated, lime leaves, kaffir lime leaves, and a combination of lime + kaffir lime leaves with five replications. Adult mortality was recorded from 3 to 30 days after treatment. Results indicated that by the final observation on day 30, treatment effects were most distinct. Lime leaves (25.67%) and kaffir lime leaves (27.44%) produced significantly higher mortality than both the untreated and the combined treatment (F₃,₁₉ = 0.83, P < 0.05). The combined treatment resulted in only 17.67% mortality, indicating no synergistic effect between the two leaves powders. Mortality in the untreated group remained below 14% throughout the experiment. Lime and kaffir lime leaves, when used individually, exhibit promising fumigant activity against T. castaneum and may serve as potential botanical alternatives for postharvest pest management.
Co-Authors Ahdin Gassa Asman Asman Binti Nur Anggriani Hikmawati Hikmawati M. Bayu Mario Wardani Syahrani