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Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Use of Coffee Pulp and Minerals for Natural Soil Ameliorant Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 23 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v23i2.89

Abstract

In coffee plantation, solid waste of coffee pulp is usually collected as heap nearby processing facilities for several months prior being used as compost. The practice is leading to the formation of odor and liquid which contaminate the environment. Experiments to evaluate the effect of natural soil ameliorant derived from coffee pulp and minerals were conducted at The Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Jember, East Java. The experiments were intended to optimize the use of coffee pulp to support farming sustainability and minimize negative impacts of solid waste disposal originated from coffee cherry processing. Prior to applications, coffee pulp was hulled to organic paste. The paste was then mixed with 10% minerals (b/b). Composition of the minerals was 50% zeolite and 50% rock phosphate powder. The ameliorant was characterized for their physical and chemical properties. Agronomic tests were conducted on coffee and cocoa seedling. The experiments were arranged according to Randomized Completely Design with 2 factors, consisted of natural ameliorant and inorganic fertilizer respectively. Natural ameliorant derived from coffee pulp was applied at 6 levels: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g dry ameliorant/seedling of 3 kg soil, equivalent to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (b/b) of ameliorant respectively. Inorganic fertilizer was applied at 2 levels: 0 and 2 g fertilizer/application of N-P-K compound fertilizer of 15-15-15 respectively. The inorganic fertilizer was applied 4 times during nursery of coffee and cocoa. The result of the experiment indicated that coffee pulp may be used as natural soil ameliorant. Composition of ameliorant of 90% coffee pulp and 10% of minerals has good physical and chemical characteristics for soil amelioration. The composition has high water holding capacity; cations exchange capacity, organic carbon and phosphorus contents which are favorable to increase soil capacity to support plant growth. Application of ameliorant derived from coffee pulp increased significantly growth of coffee and cocoa seedling. There was positive interaction effect between the ameliorant and the fertilizers. Both the ameliorant and the fertilizers affected the seedling growth synergistically. Application of the ameliorant increased efficiency of the fertilizer. Key words: waste, coffee pulp, soil ameliorant, mineral. 
Granules Composed of Cocoa Pod Husk Enriched with Minerals and Their Effects on Growth of Coffee and Cocoa Seedlings Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 25 No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v25i3.112

Abstract

AbstractThe characteristics of pod related to cocoa pod borer resistance (CPB, Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.) had been identified in a series study. This research has objective to evaluate performance of the characteristics using more diverse of genetic background to select criteria for selection. Genetic materials for this study were 25 cocoa clones which be planted in Central Sulawesi for resistant evaluation. Field evaluation of the resistance were assessed using the variable of the percentage of unextractable bean, number of entry and exit hole larvae by which the clones were grouped into 5 groups of resistance. A laboratory works were carried out to assess pod characteristics based on the number of trichome, granule of tannin and thickness the lignified-tissue of sclerotic layer using micro-technique method at the different level of pod maturity (3.0; 3.5; 4.0 months). Correlation between groups of those variables was analyzed using Canonical Correlation. The analysis performed a positive association between the thickness of sclerotic layer at the secondary furrow with the number of entry holes and the number of entry holes through sclerotic layer. The thickness performed a higher value of the coefficient in association with the variables of canonical for pod characteristics (0.59; 0.55; 0.43) and the variables of canonical for CPB resistance (0.54; 0.51; 0.39) that would presenting the characteristics of pod related to CPB resistance. Lignification at sclerotic layer was considered as genotypic expressions due to the thickness at the secondary furrow at 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 months of pod maturity performed high value of broad-sense heritability i.e. 0.75, 0.89 and 0.92 respectively. A qualitative assessment of the lignification clearly differentiate the resistant clones (ARDACIAR 10) with the susceptible clones (ICCRI 04, KW 516 and KW 564).Key words : cocoa pod borer, Theobroma cacao L., pod characteristics, resistance
Use of Sub-Surface Soil Water in Robusta Coffee Field Through Organic Matter Wicks Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i3.156

Abstract

One of the most important cocoa diseases is vascular streak dieback (VSD), caused by Oncobasidium theobromae. The serious attacks of this disease caused death of the plants more than 70%. Mechanical, culture technique, and chemical control still do not produce satisfactory result. Boron and silicon are essential elements potential to be used to improve natural resistance. This research was conducted to identify the effect of boron and silicon in controlling VSD attack and its effect on seedling growth. The research was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java. The treatments was designed by randomized completely block design with two factors and five replications. The first factor was boron in form of H3BO3 and silicon in form of Si(OH)4. The second factor was concentrations of 75 ppm, 150 ppm, 300 ppm and 0 ppm as a control. The results showed that application of boron and silicon with foliar spray significantly improve those nutrients content in plant shoots. Application of boron improved polyphenol, cellulose and lignin content whereas application of silicon had no effect on the concentration of polyphenol and lignin, but concentration of 75 ppm increased cellulose content. Application of boron significantly decreased VSD disease on cocoa seedlings while application of silicon showed no significant effect on reducing the attack VSD disease. Boron application accelerated plant growth whereas silicon application did not retard seedling growth. Key words : Systemic, inducing, resistance, boron, silicon, VSD and cocoa.
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