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Aris Wibawa
Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Organic matter and soil moisture content and double cropping with organic matter sourceplants John Bako Baon; Aris Wibawa
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 21 No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v21i1.124

Abstract

Double cropping of coffee with organic matter source plants is thought to increase organic matter content of soil. This study examined the effect of double cropping of coffee and organic matter source plants on soil organic matter content and yield of coffee plants. Arabica coffee trees in Andungsari Experimental Station (Bondowoso district), 1400 m asl. and climate type C; and Robusta coffee trees in Sumberasin Experimental Station (Malang district), 550 m asl. and climate type C, were used as experimental sites of this study which lasted for five years. Organic matter source plants consisted of some species that can be routinedly pruned and surface applied to coffee soil, and other creeping species that not being pruned, however the organic matter source derived from their fallen leaves. Application of farm manure and control (neither organic matter source plants nor farm yard manure) were used as comparison treatments. Results indicate that Ramayana (Cassia spectabilis) had vigorus growth resulting in greater biomass production compared to lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), mogania (Moghania macrophylla) and even kaliandra (Calyandra calothyrsus) which produced greater biomass among organic matter source plants grown in Arabica coffee farming. Double cropping of coffee with organic matter source plants did not affect soil organic matter content of Arabica and Robusta coffee farmings, though farm yard manure application increased soil organic matter content and soil bulk density, especially of Robusta coffee farm. Soil moisture content examined in dry season was not affected by double cropping. In contrary, Robusta coffee farm applied with farm yard manure had higher soil moisture content. At Arabica coffee farm, double cropping did not influence green coffee yield, on the other hand Ramayana reduced green coffee yield of Robusta coffee while farm yard manure increased the yield.Keywords : Coffeea arabica, Coffeea canephora, organic matter, soil moisture, double cropping, biomass producing plants.
Carbon stock in different ages and plantation systemof cocoa: allometric approach Fitria Yuliasmara; Aris Wibawa; Adi Prawoto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 25 No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v25i2.132

Abstract

Indonesia has 1.5 million hectare of cocoa plantation in 2008. which hasstrategic position in carbon dioxide absorption to decrease global warming. Biomass approach method in plants carbon stock estimation specific for cocoa is still not available. The aim of this research is to determine carbon stock in 1—30 years ages of cocoa plants and to measure carbon stock in various cocoa planting systems using specific allometric formula of carbon stock estimation. Regression model on plant biomass estimation was estimated based on height, diameter, and their combination. Carbon stock estimation in different ages and plan tation system of cocoa was conducted by randomized completely block design with 3 replications. The result showed that model Y:áDâ as the best allometric formula, where Y is plant biomass, D is diameter at the breast hight, â is a constant with a value of 0.1208 and á was a constant of 1.98. Increasing of carbon stock in cocoa plantations was proportional to the ages of the plants according to the polinomial equation Y=0.0518X2+2.8976X–4.524. Agroforestry system increased carbon stock in cocoa plantation. Cocoa-Paraserianthes falcataria plantation system produce highest of carbon stock in 7 years. Key words : Carbon stock, allometric, cocoa, ages of plant, planting system.
Carbon stock in different ages and plantation system of cocoa: allometric approach Fitria Yuliasmara; Aris Wibawa; Adi Prawoto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 26 No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v26i3.137

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance
Co-Authors Adi Prawoto Fitria Yuliasmara John Bako Baon