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Sitti Arafah
National Research and Innovation Agency
Religion Education Social Sciences

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Vernacular Veiling: Rimpu, Embodied Piety, and Muslim Women's Agency in Bima Arfaton; Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri; Imran; Sitti Arafah
Penamas Vol 39 No 1 (2026): Volume 39, Issue 1, January-June 2026
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31330/penamas.v39i1.1034

Abstract

Studies of women’s Muslim attire often focus on standardised hijabs and the dichotomy of oppression versus resistance, resulting in vernacular practices and women’s agency being overlooked. Rimpu—the practice among women in Bima of wrapping the body in two traditional sarongs (Tembe nggoli)—is highlighted as a vernacular expression of religious identity. Drawing on ethnographic methods (interviews, observation, documentation) and Spradley’s analytical framework (domains, taxonomy, componential analysis, cultural themes), this study examines Rimpu through Saba Mahmood’s concept of ‘embodied piety’ and the field of veiled anthropology. The findings: Rimpu is more than just a set of functions; it is a vernacular representation of Islamic modesty standards. The Bima weaving tradition localises the global norm of body covering, resulting in a specific regional Muslim femininity as embodied piety. Rimpu is being supplanted by standardised global hijabs, which has prompted the revival of Rimpu as a cultural legacy through festivals and school curricula. Such revitalisation runs the risk of folklorizing a live practice while contributing to a theory of vernacular head-covering' that transcends the oppression-resistance duality by emphasising women's autonomy and the localisation of Islamic faith.  
Co-Authors Arfaton Imran Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri