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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Nouhaila Belmajdoub
Hassan II University of Casablanca
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Review of battery models and experimental parameter identification for lithium-ion battery equivalent circuit models Nouhaila Belmajdoub; Rachid Lajouad; Abdelmounime El Magri; Soukaina Boudoudouh; Mohamed Hicham Zaggaf
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 33, No 3: March 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i3.pp1336-1346

Abstract

The growing use of electric vehicles has led to an ever-increasing demand for efficient and reliable management systems to control the behavior of lithium-ion batteries, especially with respect to heat generation and state-of-charge. Understanding these patterns constitutes a major new challenge for these batteries, as remaining ignorant of their behavior can result in decreased performance, shorter service life and even safety dangers. This review provides an overview of the different modeling techniques applied to simulate battery behavior. Different methods using equivalent electrical circuit models are discussed, covering both simple battery models and more complex equivalent electrical circuit models, with a focus on the 2RC-Thévenin circuit model. In this context, parameter approach methods for these systems are reviewed. In addition, laboratory tests are run to identify the various model parameters for a lithium-ion battery. This comprehensive study is designed to guide scientists and engineers in the selection and use of suitable tools for state-of-charge and battery health studies.
Functional safety approach for thermal runaway in battery management systems Nouhaila Belmajdoub; Rachid Lajouad; Abdelmounime El Magri; Soukaina Boudoudouh
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 5: October 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i5.pp2405-2416

Abstract

Forecasting demand for autonomous power storage and supply systems for electric vehicles (EV) has become a key area of research. The rapid popularization of EVs is heavily based on the reliability and safety of rechargeable energy storage systems (ESSs), especially lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although these batteries offer high energy density and efficiency, they remain vulnerable to hazardous events such as thermal runaway, leading to severe consequences, including fire and explosion. This paper presents a methodology to fulfill the functional safety of BMS thermal runaway according to ISO 26262 standard. The approach integrates hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA), the formulation of safety goals (SG), and the specification of functional and technical safety requirements (FSR and TSR). To strengthen assurance, safety contracts based on battery chemistry and specifications are established and linked to structured safety cases using Goal Structuring Notation (GSN). The proposed methodology is validated through simulations in MATLAB Simulink, demonstrating how dynamic safety assurance can detect deviations, trigger control actions, and update safety cases to prevent unsafe states. The results show that the framework effectively minimizes the risks related with over-current, over-voltage, and over-temperature conditions, thus contributing to regulatory compliance and increased confidence in the safety of EVs.
Co-Authors Abdelmounime El Magri Mohamed Hicham Zaggaf Rachid Lajouad Soukaina Boudoudouh