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Ramandeep Sandhu
Lovely Professional University

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Comparison of power system flow analysis methods of IEEE 5-bus system Harpreet Kaur Channi; Ramandeep Sandhu; Nimay Chandra Giri; Parminder Singh; Fathy Abdelaziz Syam
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 34, No 1: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i1.pp11-18

Abstract

Load flow analysis is a crucial tool used by electrical engineers for simulating the power system. It is aimed at examining the most possible way of operating and controlling a power system and the exchange of power flow within the power system. For the economic and optimal operation of power systems, the most essential task is to find the most feasible solution technique suitable and efficient for the study of power generation, transmission, and distribution. There are various power flow study solution techniques, and for some solution techniques, the simulation of the system can take a long time, which prevents the simulator from attaining a higher accuracy result for the power flow simulation due to the interrupting rise and fall in power demand from the consumer, which also affects the power generation as well. This paper discusses the comparison of various techniques used in load flow studies with the assistance of a small power system with five buses. The numerical solution techniques used are the fast decoupled load flow solution technique, the Gauss-Seidel solution technique, and the Newton-Raphson solution technique for a power flow study solution on an IEEE 5-bus using MATLAB/Simulink.
Driving connectivity: a thorough review of networking protocols in electric mobility Ramandeep Sandhu; Harpreet Kaur Channi; Nimay Chandra Giri; Pulkit Kumar; Mohamed A. Elaskily; Mohamed A. Hebaishy
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 41, No 2: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v41.i2.pp764-772

Abstract

The rapid advancement of technology has transformed the automotive sector through intelligent systems for safety, control, and infotainment. This study reviews key networking protocols controller area network (CAN), local interconnect network (LIN), FlexRay, MOST, Ethernet, and Master-Slave used in electric vehicles (EVs) in India and worldwide, providing insights into their application trends across different regions. CAN provides reliable low-latency communication for safety-critical functions (1 Mbps), while CAN FD extends support up to 12 Mbps. LIN and Master-Slave topologies enable cost-effective low-speed operations (2–20 kbps). FlexRay ensures real-time communication (10–100 Mbps), and MOST supports 150 Mbps for multimedia applications. Ethernet offers superior bandwidth up to 10 Gbps for advanced driver assistance and autonomous systems, but it involves higher complexity and cost. The review identifies key challenges in interoperability, scalability, and cybersecurity and evaluates protocol suitability for next-generation EV architectures. It also integrates Industry 5.0 principles and SDGs 7, 9, and 13, emphasizing human-centric, sustainable, and resilient mobility.
Co-Authors Fathy Abdelaziz Syam Harpreet Kaur Channi Harpreet Kaur Channi Mohamed A. Elaskily Mohamed A. Hebaishy Nimay Chandra Giri Parminder Singh Pulkit Kumar