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Performance Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Femto to Macro Interference Coordination in LTE-Femtocell Deployment Scenario Ainul, Rafina Destiarti; Mahmudah, Haniah; Wijayanti, Ari
EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya (PENS)

Deploying femtocells that have low power level in LTE with small coverage area is an alternative solution for mobile operators to improve indoors network coverage area as well as system capacity. However deploying femtocells (HeNB) that were used co-channel frequency, can be brought about interference problem to the Macro BTS (eNB). Close Subscriber Group (CSG) of HeNB allows only User equipment (UE) to access HeNB. HeNB is the source of interference for UE who cannot access it. Therefore it is necessary for interference coordination methods among the HeNB and eNB. The methods are ICIC (Intercell Interference Coordination) and eICIC (enhanced Intercell Interference Coordination). Â This paper proposed performance analysis of scheduling schemes for Femto to macro interference coordination that allocated resource in the frequency and time domain using LTE-Femtocell suburban and urban deployment scenario. Simulation result using ICIC methods can improve SINR performance 15.77 % in urban and 28.66 % in suburban, throughput performance 10.11 % in urban and 21.05 % in suburban. eICIC methods can improve SINR performance 17.44 % in urban and 31.14 % in suburban, throughput performance 19.83% in urban and 44.39 % in suburban.The result prove using eICIC method in time domain resource have better performance than using ICIC method in frequency resource. However using eICIC method in suburban deployment scenariocan increase the performance of SINR and throughput more effective than using eICIC method in urban deployment scenario.

Hybrid Filter Scheme for Optimizing Indoor Mobile Cooperative Tracking System Rafina Destiarti Ainul; Prima Kristalina; Amang Sudarsono
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 16, No 6: December 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v16i6.10162

The precise indoor tracking system using Xbee signal strength protocol has become a potential research to the WSN applications. The main aspects for the success tracking system is accuracy performance based on location estimation. The improvement of location estimation is complicated issue, especially using RSSI with low accuracy due to the signal attenuation from multipath effect at indoor propagation. Hence, many existing research typically focused on specific methods for providing improvement schemes at tracking system area. Then, we propose hybrid filter schemes, including extended gradient filter (EGF) for filtering noise signal based distance modification, and modified extended Kalman filter (MIEKF) will be combined with trilateration for filtering the error position estimation. Using mobile cooperative tracking scenario refers to our previous work, the proposed hybrid filter scheme which is called modified iterated extended gradient Kalman filter (MIEGKF) can optimize the error estimation around 41.28% reduction with 0.63 meters MSE (mean square error) value.

Performance Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Femto to Macro Interference Coordination in LTE-Femtocell Deployment Scenario Rafina Destiarti Ainul; Haniah Mahmudah; Ari Wijayanti
EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya (PENS)

Deploying femtocells that have low power level in LTE with small coverage area is an alternative solution for mobile operators to improve indoors network coverage area as well as system capacity. However deploying femtocells (HeNB) that were used co-channel frequency, can be brought about interference problem to the Macro BTS (eNB). Close Subscriber Group (CSG) of HeNB allows only User equipment (UE) to access HeNB. HeNB is the source of interference for UE who cannot access it. Therefore it is necessary for interference coordination methods among the HeNB and eNB. The methods are ICIC (Intercell Interference Coordination) and eICIC (enhanced Intercell Interference Coordination). Â This paper proposed performance analysis of scheduling schemes for Femto to macro interference coordination that allocated resource in the frequency and time domain using LTE-Femtocell suburban and urban deployment scenario. Simulation result using ICIC methods can improve SINR performance 15.77 % in urban and 28.66 % in suburban, throughput performance 10.11 % in urban and 21.05 % in suburban. eICIC methods can improve SINR performance 17.44 % in urban and 31.14 % in suburban, throughput performance 19.83% in urban and 44.39 % in suburban.The result prove using eICIC method in time domain resource have better performance than using ICIC method in frequency resource. However using eICIC method in suburban deployment scenariocan increase the performance of SINR and throughput more effective than using eICIC method in urban deployment scenario.

Trilateration Method for Estimating Location in RSSI-Based Indoor Positioning System Using Zigbee Protocol Herryawan Pujiharsono; Duwi Utami; Rafina Destiarti Ainul
JURNAL INFOTEL Vol 12 No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : LPPM INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI TELKOM PURWOKERTO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20895/infotel.v12i1.380

Wireless network technology that is used today is developing rapidly because of the increase needed for location information of an object with high accuracy. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a technology to estimate the current location. Unfortunately, GPS has a lack of accuracy around 10 meters when used indoors. Therefore, it began to be developed with the concept of an indoor positioning system. This is a technology used to estimate the location of objects in a building by utilizing WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). The purpose of this study is to estimate the location of the unknown nodes in the lecturer room as objects and obtain the accuracy of the system being tested. The positioning process is based on the received signal strength (RSSI) on the unknown node using the ZigBee module. The trilateration method is used to estimate the unknown nodes located at the observation area based on the signal strength received at the time of testing. The result shows that the path loss coefficient value at the observation area was 0.9836 and the Mean Square Error of the test was 1.54 meters, which implies that the system can be a solution to the indoor GPS problem.

An enhanced trilateration algorithm for indoor RSSI based positioning system using zigbee protocol Rafina Destiarti Ainul
JURNAL INFOTEL Vol 14 No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : LPPM INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI TELKOM PURWOKERTO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20895/infotel.v14i4.822

Location information of the object based on wireless communication will play crucial role in several Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. Some applications need to know the exact position of the object. The advantages of Zigbee as the part of Radio Frequency (RF) technology such as low cost, high scalability, high availability, and supporting topology for Indoor positioning system (IPS). In this paper, we propose IPS using Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based Zigbee protocol. The proposed approach is based on the enhancement of Trilateration algorithm. Basically, the main concept of the conventional trilateration is using three strongest RSSI from references node. However, the instability from measured RSSI influenced to its estimation result. Therefore quadratic weighted is adding to this proposed scheme as the enhanced trilateration algorithm. The estimated distance output from conventional trilateration algorithm will be used for calculating the weighted value and multiplying to each the reference node which produced lower estimation error. The simulation result show that using enhanced trilateration algorithm has capability to improve accuracy of estimated position up to 90.55 % with mean square error (MSE) 2.03 meters compared with only using conventional trilateration reached high estimated error up to 4.31 meters.

SISTEM KENDALI PERANGKAT PENGUSIR HAMA TIKUS DAN BURUNG BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) Ferdinan Bagastam; Susilo Wibowo; Rafina Destiarti Ainul
CALYPTRA Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Calyptra : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya (November)
Publisher : Perpustakaan Universitas Surabaya

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Abstract–This final project is designing a remote-control system for rat and bird repellent device based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system will replace the rat and bird repellent device owned by the University of Surabaya which uses the conventional working which requires the user to interact with the device, like pressing the switch and turning left or right the potentiometer. This system is divided into three sides, namely the user side, the database side, and the device side. On the user side, there is a smartphone application that has interfaces in the form of buttons and selectors. On the database side, there are datasets stored in Firebase and can be updated based on the application used by the user. On the device side, there is an ESP32 microcontroller which reads data from Firebase and sends it to the relay modules in order to control the rat and bird repellent device according to the user's wishes. This final project examines the reaction changes of rats and birds on specific range from the device. Based on the examination, the most visible rats’ reaction’s changes are refusing the feed, while birds are looking for a way out and chirps frequently. Keyword: rat and bird repellent, internet of things (IoT), smartphone app, Firebase, ESP32 microcontroller, relay modules, effective range, reaction changes Abstrak–Tugas Akhir ini mendesain sistem kendali jarak jauh perangkat pengusir hama tikus dan burung berbasis internet of things (IoT). Sistem ini akan menggantikan perangkat pengusir hama tikus dan burung milik Universitas Surabaya yang masih menggunakan cara kerja konvensional dimana mengharuskan pengguna melakukan interaksi dengan perangkat, yaitu menekan saklar dan memutar potensiometer. Sistem ini dibagi menjadi tiga sisi, yaitu sisi pengguna, sisi database, dan sisi perangkat. Pada sisi pengguna, terdapat sebuah aplikasi smartphone yang memiliki interfaces berupa tombol dan selektor. Pada sisi database, terdapat kumpulan data yang disimpan dalam Firebase dan dapat diperbaharui berdasarkan aplikasi yang digunakan oleh pengguna. Pada sisi perangkat, terdapat sebuah mikrokontroler ESP32 yang membaca data dari Firebase dan disalurkan ke modul relay untuk mengendalikan perangkat pengusir hama tikus dan burung sesuai keinginan pengguna. Tugas akhir ini menguji perubahan perilaku tikus dan burung terhadap jarak dengan perangkat. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan, perubahan perilaku tikus yang paling nampak adalah tidak makan, sedangkan burung akan bergerak aktif mencari jalan keluar dan lebih sering berkicau. Kata Kunci: pengusir hama tikus dan burung, internet of things (IoT), aplikasi smartphone, Firebase, mikrokontroler ESP32, modul relay, jarak jangkauan efektif

APLIKASI ANDROID DETEKSI SUPIR MENGANTUK PADA PENGENDARA MOBIL BERBASIS FACE RECOGNITION Stefanus Wijaya; Nemuel Daniel Pah; Rafina Destiarti Ainul
CALYPTRA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): Calyptra : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya (November)
Publisher : Perpustakaan Universitas Surabaya

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Abstract—Humans have always developed technology to make life easier. One of the technological developments made is land transportation. In the development of land transportation is also accompanied by an increase in the accident rate of drivers due to drowsiness. This drowsiness detection system is made using an Android-based smartphone where this technology is almost used in various walks of life so that it can help to provide direct warnings to drivers who are drowsy. The system uses Haar-Cascade Classifier to detect faces and eyes and utilizes the training model to determine whether the person is sleepy or not. System development using Android Studio with Java and Python programming languages. Based on system testing on 9 different faces with 120 frame samples per face, with 40 cm in distance, and an angle of 20⁰, the accuracy result is 85% during the day with a light intensity of 725 lux. Keywords: drowsiness detection, android, haar-cascade classifier Abstrak— Manusia selalu mengembangkan teknologi untuk mempermudah hidupnya. Salah satu perkembangan teknologi yang dibuat adalah transportasi darat. Dalam perkembangan transportasi darat ini juga ditemani dengan bertambahnya tingkat kecelakaan para pengemudi akibat mengantuk. Sistem pendeteksi kantuk ini dibuat dengan menggunakan smartphone berbasis Android dimana teknologi ini hampir digunakan diberbagai lapisan masyarakat sehingga dapat membantu untuk memberikan peringatan secara langsung pada pengemudi yang sedang mengantuk. Sistem yang dibuat menggunakan Haar-Cascade Classifier untuk mendeteksi wajah dan juga mata dan memanfaatkan model hasil pelatihan untuk menentukan apakah orang tersebut sedang mengantuk atau tidak. Pembuatan sistem dengan menggunakan Android Studio dengan bahasa pemrograman Java dan Python. Berdasarkan pengujian sistem pada 9 wajah berbeda dengan 120 sampel frame per wajah, jarak 40 cm, dan sudut 20⁰ mendapatkan hasil akurasi sebesar 85% pada siang hari dengan intensitas cahaya sebesar 725 lux. Kata kunci: deteksi kantuk, android, haar-cascade classifier

RIBATS: RSSI-based adaptive tracking system with ASEKF for indoor WSN Ainul, Rafina Destiarti; Agung, Hendi Wicaksono
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp225-234

Wireless indoor tracking systems face challenges due to environmental conditions and signal attenuation, affecting location accuracy, crucial in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Many tracking techniques rely on specific path loss models proposed by previous researches, but these models are susceptible to changes in environmental conditions, impacting estimation outcomes. In order to solve these problems, this paper propose adaptive tracking system using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement parameter called as RIBATS. Adaptive in this system refers to the reliability of an algorithm for obtaining the accurate location without any path loss modelling at dynamic indoor environments. The enhancement of weighted centroid localization (eWCL) scheme calculates the location estimation only using RSSI data measurement without propagation characterisic determination. However, estimation result from eWCL still have high error at certain area. Hence, by defining a multiplier factor as adaptive scaled to the covariance matrix of EKF can eliminate distortion effects from eWCL called as adaptive scaled extended Kalman filter (ASEKF) algorithm. An effective variance estimation algorithm for adaptive indoor tracking system using eWCL and ASEKF combination achieve 0.82 meters mean square error (MSE) value with 55.67% error reduction. Then, without using multiplier scale factor at EKF algorithm only reduce previous eWCL at 3.78% with 1.78 meters MSE value.

Revolutionizing Classroom Attendance: A Wireless Smart System Using ESP-NOW Protocol Onggo, Leonardo; Wibowo, Susilo; Ainul, Rafina Destiarti
JURNAL INFOTEL Vol 16 No 4 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : LPPM INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI TELKOM PURWOKERTO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20895/infotel.v16i4.1259

In an era where technological advancements drive improvements across various sectors, enhancing efficiency in educational management systems is crucial. This paper presents a novel wireless attendance system that leverages the ESP-NOW protocol, which offers advantages over traditional Wi-Fi by enabling low-power, low-latency, and direct device-to-device communication without the need for an intermediary network. The system employs ESP32 modules configured as both slave and master devices. Slave devices, positioned on the lecturerâ€™s desk, interact with students' smartphones when the lecturer initiates the class, while master devices, strategically placed at multiple locations within the classroom, compile and consolidate attendance data for each room. The system incorporates RSSI-based restrictions via the ESP-NOW protocol to prevent overlapping attendance between rooms and ensure that students can only record their presence if they are physically within the designated classroom. Attendance data is automatically logged and made accessible in real-time through a dedicated mobile application for lecturers. Empirical testing demonstrates 100% accuracy in attendance recording, with an average verification time of less than 1 second and a data transmission rate ranging from 700 to 800 Bytes/seconds.

An IoT-Enabled Bicycle Access and Monitoring System with Geo-Fence-Based Location Restriction Christian, Hans; Yusuf, Yohanes Gunawan; Ainul, Rafina Destiarti
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i4.123

Managing shared bicycle usage within a university campus can be challenging, especially when relying on manual systems that are slow, difficult to track, and offer limited security. This paper propose the development of an IoT-based Bicycle Access and Monitoring System designed to make borrowing bikes easier for users and more manageable for campus administrators. The system allows users to borrow bicycles independently through a mobile application developed for Android devices. Each bicycle is equipped with a QR code, which users scan to initiate the borrowing process. After scanning, the application generates a One-Time Password (OTP), which is entered into a keypad embedded on the bicycle. After successful verification, the bicycle is automatically unlocked. To ensure bicycles remain within the designated campus boundaries, the system includes a geo-fencing feature that continuously monitors GPS coordinates. If a bicycle crosses the predefined boundary, the system triggers an alert and logs the event to a cloud-based database. All borrowing data including time, user ID, and location, are recorded in real time and accessible by campus administrators via a web interface. According experimental result show that the system functions reliably, with successful access control, accurate event logging, and an average GPS horizontal error of 1.48 meters. The proposed system provides a scalable, secure, and user-friendly solution for improving bicycle-sharing system in university area, enhancing both operational efficiency and student convenience.

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