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Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Biji Genotipe Kedelai di Berbagai Intensitas Naungan Sundari, Titik; Anggoro Susanto, Gatut Wahyu
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 3 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Intensity and quality of sunlight received by plants during the reproductive period greatly influence the soybean yield and yield components. Growth and seed yield of soybean genotypes at different shade intensities were assessed through research conducted at the Research Station of Kendalpayak, Malang, in the year 2011. Three soybean varieties, namely: Pangrango, Argomulyo, and Grobogan, and twelve soybean promising lines tolerant to shade were tested on four artificial shade intensities, ie without shade (N0), shade of 25% (N1), 50% (N2), and 75% (N3). Placement of treatments in each level of shade was arranged in a randomized block design, replicated three times. Results showed that: shade treatment changed the microclimate under the shading. Shade treatment of 25%, 50%, and 75% caused different stress intensities. Shade intensity of 75% caused an increase in plant height and specific leaf area, a reduction in the number of leaves and leaf area, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption rate, photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll index, number of filled pods, and seed weight per plant. Number of filled pods was considered effective to be used as a basis for selecting soybean genotypes having high yield in shaded conditions. Plant height and seed weight could be used as an indicator for soybean shade tolerance. Genotype AI26-1114-8-28 and IIj9-299-1-4 were considered as shade-tolerant up to 75% shade based on the stress index tolerance value (ITC).

Identifikasi Varietas/Klon Ubikayu Unggul untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol Ginting, Erliana; Sundari, Titik; Triwiyono, Bambang; Triatmodjo, Triatmodjo
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Cassava is a potential source of raw material for bioethanol production. The study was conducted to identify the suitability of the chemical properties of cassava varieties/clones harvested in different seasons to be used as raw material for bioethanol. The trials were conducted at the Experiment Station and the Laboratory of Microbiology, Center for Starch Technology (BBTP), Research and Assessment of Technology (BPPT) Lampung and at the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Research Institute for Legumes and Tuber, Malang. In 2006, 12 cassava varieties and clones were used, whereas in 2007 eight clones selected from the 12 varieties were used. The crops were harvested at age of 9 months and the tubers were used as raw material for bioethanol production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The variables observed were chemical composition of fresh tubers and ethanol content of bioethanol produced. Cassava tubers harvested in the rainy season (RS) 2007 contained 1 to 10% more moisture from those harvested in the dry season (DS) 2006, followed by a decrease of starch and total sugar content by 1.4 to 6.6% and 0.5-10%, respectively. Clone CMMM 99008-3 had the highest total sugar content when harvested in the DS 2006 (45.3%), but it was lower (37.0%) in the DS 2006 harvest. In the DS 2006 harvest, four varieties/clones had conversion values 4.2 to 4.5 kg of fresh tuber to one liter of 96% bioethanol, i.e., CMM 99008-3, MLG 0311, OMM 9908-4, and UJ-5. In the WS 2007 harvest, four varieties/clones showed conversion values from 4.5 to 5 kg to one liter of 96% bioethanol, i.e., CMM 99008-3, UJ-3, UJ-5, and OMM 9908-4. Five cassava clones harvested in the RS 2007, namely CMM 99008-3, UJ-3, UJ-5, MLG 0311, and OMM 9908-4 produced tubers yield ranging from 29.3 to 38.2 t/ha. Clone UJ-5 produced the highest bioethanol (7,866 l/ha).

Karakteristik Agronomis dan Fisikokimia Umbi Klon Ubikayu Genjah Sundari, Titik; Yulifianti, Rahmi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 3 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The research was aimed to characterize agronomic characters and physico-chemical tubers of early maturating cassava clones. Total of 10 cassava clones and five varieties (UJ 3, UJ 5, Adira 1, Adira 4 and Malang 6) were evaluated in two locations, namely at the experiment station of Muneng, Probolinggo and at farmerâ€™s land in South Malang. The experiment was planted in April to November 2009, using a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each clone was planted in plots measuring 5 m x 4 m with plant spacing of 100 cm x 80 cm. Fertilization was applied in three stages by using 10 t/ha of manure and 200 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 + 100 kg KCl/ha. Manure was given at the time of land preparation, while urea, SP36, and KCl were given at one month after planting (MAP) (100 kg of urea, 50 kg of KCl, 100 kg of SP36/ha), and three MAP (100 kg of urea and 50 kg of KCl/ha). Observations on the agronomic characters included: plant height, number of fresh leaves, number of node and diameter of stem conducted at 3 WAP until the harvest, at intervals of 1 month. Yield and yield components, and physical-chemical characters of tuber were measured at harvest. Combined analyses of two locations showed that the interaction between clones and locations were significant on all observed agronomic characters. OMM 9076 clone was consistently out yielded at two locations. Based on physicochemical characters, CMM 03001-10, CMM 03094-12, CMM 03009-6, CMM 03097-11, CMM 03013-11, CMM 03094-13, CMM 03018-10, M4-p, OMM 9076 and Adira 1 clones were considered suitable for food. Clone M4p was also suitable for starch or flour industries, and CMM 03013-11 was suitable for ethanol.

Karakter Kuantitatif Kacang Hijau pada Lingkungan Naungan Sundari, Titik
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Tolerance to shade among mungbean genotypes were assessed based on their environmental stress tolerance indices (ITC). Through an approach of direct and indirect relationships between quantitative characters, quantitative characters that play roles in mungbean tolerance to shade was identified. The trial was conducted at Kendalpayak Experimental Farm, Malang. Treatments were without shading and with a 52% shading using 12 mungbean genotypes representing 9 genotypes tolerant to shading and susceptible genotypes. Under each shaded environment, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Observations were carried out on plant morphology (leaf number, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf hairs number, plant height, stem diameter, age of flowering and harvesting, number of pods, pod dry weight, seed weight and seed size) and leaf anatomy (thickness of leaves, epiderm cells, palisade tissue length, and number of leaf stomates). Mungbean genotypes that were tolerant to shading had different plant morphology and leaf anatomy from those of susceptible genotypes. The tolerant mungbean genotypes had larger leaves, less number of leaf hairs, thicker leaves, thinner leaf epidermal cells, longer palisade tissue, more number of stomates, higher contents of chlorophyll a and b, larger diameter of stem, higher pod dry weight, larger seed size, and higher grain yields than those of the susceptible genotypes. Three characters of mungbean plants that need to be taken into account in determining tolerance to shade were the leaf area, number of leaf hairs, and seed weight per plant. Selection of the immatured beans can be done using indirect selection based on the three characters, namely stem diameters at 2 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), plant height at 4 WAP, and weight of 100 seeds.

Tingkat Adaptasi Beberapa Varietas Kedelai terhadap Naungan Sundari, Titik; A.S., Gatut Wahyu
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The aim of this research was to identify adaptability of 7 soybean varieties under five levels of shading. The soybean varieties tested were Tanggamus, Pangrango, Sinabung, Willis, Ijen, Lokon, and Malabar, while the five shading treatments were: no shading (N0), 15%-15% (N1), 30%-15% (N2), 45%-15% (N3), and 60%-15% (N4). The trial in each shading environment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The data collected were growth variables (leaf numbers, plant heights, and stem diameters), number of filled pods, and seed yields. Data of the seed yields were analyzed using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis method. Results showed that adaptability of soybean varieties to different levels of shading varied. Based on the interaction Ammi-1 biplot graph, variety Ijen was not suitable to be grown under shading environment. Varieties Sinabung and Wilis were more suitable for low level of shading environment (15%); Malabar was more suitable for moderate level of shading (45%), and Lokon was more suitable for planting under shading (60%) condition. Variety Pangrango was considered as adaptive to all levels of shading environments.

Kesesuaian Genotipe Kedelai untuk Tanaman Sela di Bawah Tegakan Pohon Karet Sundari, Titik; Purwantoro, Purwantoro
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

This research was aimed to identify shade-tolerant soybean genotypes that was suitable for planting under rubber tree plantation. The research was conducted at three locations of rubber tree plantation in Central and East Lampung where the rubber tree were at age of 3 to 4 years, during dry season of 2011. The materials consisted of 30 soybean genotypes, where 23 lines were shadetolerant, and seven were as check varieties (Pangrango, Burangrang, Malabar, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Ijen, and Tanggamus). Each genotype was planted in plot of 4 m x 2.2 m, plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm, two plants /hill. The experiment used a randomized block design, repeated four times. Before planting, dolomite of 1.5 t/ha was applied, and 75 kg Urea / ha + 100 SP36 kg/ha + 100 kg KCl /ha was applied at planting time. Observations were done on flowering date, harvesting date, plant height, number of branches, number of reproductive nodes, number of pods, seed weight per plant and grain yield. The light intensity under the rubber tree canopy was observed every week after the soybean age was 30 days (DAP), at 11:00 to 12:00 pm. The levels of shade made by the rubber tree canopy at three locations were different; at Tulangbalak (East Lampung) and Gunungsari (Central Lampung) ranged between 20% to 40%, at Gunungadi (Central Lampung) between 40% to 60%. Genotypes IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 yielded consistently well in two locations, in East Lampung (1.40 t/ha and 1.43 t/ha), in Central Lampung (1.19 t/ha and 1.18 t/ha). Genotype IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 produced the highest average yield out of the three locations, i.e 1.13 t/ha. Genotype IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 were considered as suitable genotypes for planting under the rubber tree of 3 to 4 years of age.

Perbaikan Ketahanan Kedelai terhadap Hama Ulat Grayak Titik Sundari; Paramita Sari
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 1 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is a major pest on soybean. Severe attack of this pest could cause 100% leaf defoliation and harvest failure. Soybean resistant to armyworm follows antibiosis and antixenosis mechanism. Antibiosis resistance was induced by certain chemical substances in the parts of plant that disturbed the physiological and biological processes of pest. Antixenosis resistance was a mechanism by plant morphological barrier that could affect the behavior of pests, such as leaf morphology, especially related to the pubescense density. The availability of soybean variety resistant to armyworm was expected to reduce the use of insecticides and to minimize the harvest failure. Soybean variety resistant to armyworm would be possible to be developed considering the source of genes for resistance had been identified, such as variety Sodendaizu, Himeshirazu, IAC-100, IAC-80-596-2, Bay, and W / 80-2-4- 20. An effective and efficient breeding method had also been available, through repeated backcrosses assisted by DNA markers as selection indicator. IAC-100/Kaba-G-80, IAC-100/Kaba-G-67, IAC-100/Burangrang-P-95, IAC-100/Kaba-G-47, and IAC-100/Burangrang-G-119 were reported as promising lines, having moderately resistance to resistance to the pest, each line derived from the progenies of crossbreeding using IAC 100 as parent.

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