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All Journal UC Journal: ELT, Linguistics and Literature Journal Makara Journal of Science
Islam, Rafiqul
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Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Comparative Photovoltaics of P3HT:N2200 and P3HT: Small-Gap Fullerene Ethyl-Nipecotate Bulk Heterojunction Structures Uddin, Md. Nasir; Islam, Rafiqul; Rahman, Muhibur; Chawdhury, Nazia
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 26, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This work deals with the study on the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of a p-type organic semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT) and the absorption spectra of an n-type fullerene-based small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate (Fullerene-EN) and a non-fullerene-based polynaphthalene bithiophene (N2200) semiconducting materials. The band gap of P3HT, N2200, and small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate are 2.42, 1.65, and 1.51 eV, respectively, calculated from experimental results through the Tauc equation. Active layers with blends of P3HT and small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate and P3HT and N2200 have been used to fabricate bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures. The P3HT:N2200 BHJ structure follows the current density versus voltage characteristics of a photovoltaic device with 0.28% power conversion efficiency, 1.58 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density, and 41% fill factor. However, the P3HT:small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate structure does not show any photovoltaic J–V characteristics.
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUGGLES AND INTERNAL CONFLICTS IN SONS AND LOVERS, MRS DALLOWAY, AND A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN Islam, Rafiqul
UC Journal: ELT, Linguistics and Literature Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/uc.v6i1.12000

Abstract

A broader transformation took place in the literary fields, mostly in terms of the protagonists' internal conflicts and psychological issues in the 20th century, which can be clearly seen in the works of prominent writers like D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. This research article explores the psychological issues and internal conflicts of the protagonists of Sons and Lovers, Mrs. Dalloway, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The main characters of these novels suffer from extreme identity and existential crises. Employing Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic frameworks alongside modernist narrative techniques, the study elucidates how the subconscious mind and the human psyche are intricately rendered in the portrayal of the protagonists. The most prominent writers of this period, for instance, D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce, largely use fragmented narratives to draw out the inner turmoil and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of the main characters in their novels. Focusing on conjugal relations, love, emotion, passion, psychological conflict, class conflict, and middle-class sentiment of the people of this period with a qualitative discussion, the paper finds that the Industrial Revolution and scientific development functioned as catalysts to transform the human psychology of this period.
Co-Authors Chawdhury, Nazia Rahman, Muhibur Uddin, Md. Nasir