M. Hadi Subhan
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Airlangga

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Justice as a Meta Value of Corrective Justice in Providing Restitution for Unjust Enrichment: A Study on Rules, Norms, Principles, and Foundation Faizal Kurniawan; Prawitra Thalib; M. Hadi Subhan; Bart Jansen; Zuhairah Ariff Binti Abd Ghadas
Jurnal Hukum Vol 39, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Unissula

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jh.v39i2.33049

Abstract

The legal foundation is one of the most important sources of law that has been emphasized in several legal theories. However, concepts regarding legal foundation are still heavily debated and intertwined with other legal principles, legal values, legal norms, legal theorems, and legal rules. Foundation, principles, and norms are general concepts discussed in the law field as a separate point of discussion in the study of law, especially in legal theory.This showcases that the knowledge regarding concepts and the standing of different principles, values, norms, and rules are important in studying a particular field of law. However, in practice, most legal scholars and professors in the field of law are still unaware of such concepts that often overlap with one another. Generally, foundations are meta values from principles, principles are the meta values of norms, and norms are meta values of a rule. In comparison, values are the equivalent of principles and fundamental values. A theorem is the equivalent of a norm, which is embodied in a rule, and the rule itself is the most concrete implementation of a principle, which may be in the form of a written or unwritten rule. This paper aims to explore the relationship between justice, corrective justice, restitution, and unjust enrichment. It will discuss how fundamental values, principles, and norms serve as meta-values in achieving justice. Additionally, it will examine the role of corrective justice in providing restitution for cases of unjust enrichment.
Deactivation of Health Security Participation as a Form of Unlawful Act (Legal Reasoning of the Judicial Decision in the Khalimah vs BPJS Case) Ratih Dheviana Puru Hitaningtyas; M. Hadi Subhan; Nurwahjuni
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 14, No. 2, December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v14i2.6460

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose of the study: This study examines the legal reasoning behind the judicial decision in the case between Siti Khalimah and the Social Security Administrator of Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan/BPJS) in Papua, Indonesia. This case demonstrates the need for a constructive interpretation of the Civil Code to determine if BPJS committed a law-violating action. Methodology: As normative research, this study employed statute, case, and conceptual approaches. The statutory approach used laws and regulations as legal sources for research. The case approach was focused on the judge's ratio decidendi or the legal reasons behind their conclusion. The conceptual approach was used to refer to the fundamental principles of law. To analyze the data, the authors employed grammatical, systematic, and teleological analysis techniques. Results: Results found that that BPJS should not be declared to have violated Article 21 clause (1) of the BPJS Law as an error in fulfilling Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The judges emphasized that the aim of the norm in Article 21 clause (1) is to protect its participants against economic risks, including the loss of income. The panel of judges prioritized justice as a value in its decision. Applications of this study: This study provides a new point of view on law violating actions in the judges’ decision at court, notably in terms of social security administrators’ legal obligations, especially BPJS. Novelty/Originality of this study: Few articles have addressed the subject of legal violations committed by BPJS. Furthermore, in this article, the authors applied Dworkin's theory to the analysis of court decisions. This demonstrates the article's originality. Keywords: health insurance, worker protection, legal reasoning, legal violation, BPJS.   ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini mengkaji alasan hukum yang melatarbelakangi putusan pengadilan dalam perkara antara Siti Khalimah dan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan (BPJS) di Papua, Indonesia. Kasus ini menunjukkan perlunya penafsiran yang konstruktif terhadap Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata untuk menentukan apakah BPJS melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum. Metodologi: Sebagai penelitian normatif, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Pendekatan perundang-undangan menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai sumber hukum penelitian. Pendekatan kasus difokuskan pada ratio decidendi hakim atau alasan hukum yang melatarbelakangi putusannya. Pendekatan konseptual digunakan untuk merujuk pada asas-asas hukum yang fundamental. Untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis gramatikal, sistematis, dan teleologis. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa BPJS tidak dapat dinyatakan melanggar Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU BPJS karena dianggap keliru dalam memenuhi Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata. Para hakim menekankan bahwa tujuan norma dalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) adalah untuk melindungi para pesertanya dari risiko ekonomi, termasuk hilangnya pendapatan. Majelis hakim mengutamakan keadilan sebagai nilai dalam putusannya. Aplikasi penelitian ini: Penelitian ini memberikan sudut pandang baru terhadap tindakan pelanggaran hukum dalam putusan hakim di pengadilan, khususnya dalam hal kewajiban hukum penyelenggara jaminan sosial, khususnya BPJS. Kebaruan/Keaslian penelitian ini: Hanya sedikit artikel yang membahas tentang pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh BPJS. Lebih lanjut, dalam artikel ini, penulis menerapkan teori Dworkin untuk menganalisis putusan pengadilan. Hal ini menunjukkan keaslian artikel tersebut. Kata kunci: asuransi kesehatan, perlindungan pekerja, penalaran hukum, pelanggaran hukum, BPJS.