<![CDATA[Interest in renewable energy has grown due to increased environmental awareness and concern about climate change. Among the various renewable energy technologies, grid-connected bifacial PV systems are particularly important due to their higher efficiency compared to conventional systems. However, maximizing energy harvesting and storage efficiency remains a challenge for these systems, requiring the use of an efficient charge controller and an appropriate battery. The process of setting charge controller parameters and selecting the best storage technology is complex and requires a thorough study of various operating conditions. The main research contribution of this paper is the development of an efficient optimization methodology to increase the energy production and storage efficiency of the studied systems using optimization algorithms. The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is used in the system design to improve performance through optimal adjustment of charge controller parameters and selection of appropriate storage technology. This decision was based on factors such as energy production from PV panels, energy consumption from loads, and energy storage in batteries. Performance is also evaluated using both the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and Gray Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithms. The study evaluated system performance by analyzing energy production, storage efficiency, and cost effectiveness. The results showed that the ICA algorithm is effective in improving energy production and storage, resulting in higher energy output, better battery efficiency, and lower system costs. In addition, lithium-ion batteries were identified as the best storage technology. This research demonstrates the potential of the ICA approach to increase efficiency and reduce costs in the PV systems.]]>
