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All Journal JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Elsa Fitria Apriani
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia
Chemistry Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Other

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Optimizing Gel Formulations Using Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate Containing Andrographis paniculata Extract for Burn-Wound Healing Elsa Fitria Apriani; Naisa Kornelia; Annisa Amriani
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.300-311

Abstract

Background: Sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) contain andrographolide (diterpene lactone), flavonoids, quinic acid, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing. Objective: This study optimizes the gelling ingredient in Sambiloto extract gel preparations (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Ness) as a wound healer in male Wistar rats. The gelling agent is an important component that can affect active substance release. Methods: Formula optimization was developed using the Regular Two-Level 22 Factorial Design method in Design-Expert 12 software. This study used 0.5%-1% carbopol 940 and 1%-5% sodium alginate. Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate have different characteristics, so they need to be optimized to produce a gel with good characteristics. Results: Physical property evaluation using factorial design revealed the optimal formula at 0.5% carbopol and 5% sodium alginate, with average pH, viscosity, and adhesion values of 5.17 ± 0.04; 2934.452±286.871 cPs; and 194.236±3.684 s. Centrifugation and cycling tests indicated no organoleptic changes, phase separation, or significant changes in pH. ANOVA analysis showed that the gel with 10% Sambiloto leaf extract had similar burn healing activity to the positive control, with a recovery rate of 99.72 ± 0.47% in 20 days. Scabs formed on the 8th day and peeled off on the 12th day. Conclusion: Sambiloto extract gel in the optimum formula has the potential to be developed as a burn wound-healing drug.
Optimization and Stability Assessment of Clindamycin HCl Transethosome: Exploring the Effects of Ethanol and Tween 80 Concentrations Annisa Amriani; Adik Ahmadi; Muhammad Arif Maulana; Fariz Alfarrazi; Elsa Fitria Apriani
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v12i22025.162-173

Abstract

Background: Clindamycin HCl is drug commonly used as an anti-acne in conventional topical formulations. However, effectiveness of clindamycin HCl in conventional topical formulations is limited due to poor skin penetration, whereas Propionibacterium acnes colonies in the deeper sebaceous follicle area. To overcome this limitation, transethosome emerged as an innovative drug delivery system capable of enhancing drug permeation through the skin. Objective: This study aimed to optimise clindamycin HCl transethosome formula using a 22-factorial design. Methods: The optimisation was carried out with two factors and two levels, ethanol (20% and 40%) and Tween 80 (15% and 25%), on the responses of particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency. Transethosomes were prepared using the thin-layer hydration method. Furthermore, the optimum transethosomes were tested for stability using the ICH Q1A(R2) method. Results: The optimum formula contains 20% ethanol and 15% Tween 80. The optimum transethosome shows a particle size of 240.933 ± 1.488 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.177 ± 0.013, and an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 89.401 ± 0.118%. The release model follows zero-order kinetics with an activation energy of 2.978758 cal/mol. The shelf life at 25°C ± 2°C / RH 60% ± 5% is 22.536 days, and at 5°C ± 3°C is 24.572 days. Conclusion: The optimum transethosomal formula of clindamycin HCl exhibited good initial physical characteristics, with  particle size below 250 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.3, and high entrapment efficiency (EE). However, the low shelf life indicated a need for further optimisation to achieve long-term stability.
Co-Authors Adik Ahmadi Annisa Amriani Fariz Alfarrazi Muhammad Arif Maulana Naisa Kornelia