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All Journal Jurnal Higiene Sanitasi Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Public Health Research Development
Suparmin
Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Purwokerto, Indonesia
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health

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Utilization of Liquid Waste from Tofu Production Using Anaerobic Methods for Biogas Rojali; Suparmin; Desembra Lisa; Indah Restiaty
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.185

Abstract

Liquid waste is a significant problem in environmental control. Waste discharged into water bodies will inevitably pollute the surrounding water body, disrupting the life of living organisms nearby. The tofu industry on Jalan Bangka VII Pela Mampang, Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict, South Jakarta, produces liquid waste collected in waste tanks and discharged directly into water bodies without prior treatment. This causes visible turbidity in the water bodies and foul odors from the tofu industry’s liquid waste, which can disturb nearby residents aesthetically and due to the potential emergence of diseases. Tofu liquid waste can be treated biologically or chemically. Anaerobic biological treatment can be about 70% efficient. This research aims to determine how to treat liquid waste in the tofu industry using a plug-flow reactor. The biogas production methodology involves three stages. Stage I involves preparing a set of biogas digesters. Stage II involves mixing tofu liquid waste and EM4 in a 1:1 weight ratio and placing it in the digester, followed by analyzing the raw materials, including COD, BOD, pH, and acetic acid analysis. Stage III involves a continuous fermentation process in the digester for 60 days with variables including HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) of 30, 20, and 10 days of operation and temperature control to keep the fermentation conditions constant at 30°C. Therefore, appropriate and effective HRT and OLR (Organic Loading Rate) are needed to produce biogas from tofu liquid waste. In this study, the researcher will use a digester for 60 days to produce biogas from the tofu factory’s liquid waste.
Association of Bidara Leaf Tea (Ziziphus mauritiana) and Lemon (Citrus limon) Consumption with Changes in Creatinine Levels among Farmers Exposed to Heat Stress in Banyumas Regency Nurul Amaliyah; Suparmin; Nur Hilal; Yulia
Jurnal Higiene Sanitasi Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/hisan.v6i1.126

Abstract

Exposure to heat stress in agricultural work environments can increase the risk of dehydration and impaired kidney function. One commonly used indicator for assessing kidney function is serum creatinine levels. Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) and lemon (Citrus limon) are known to contain antioxidant compounds that may help reduce oxidative stress and support kidney health. However, scientific evidence regarding the effects of a combination of these two ingredients on kidney function in humans remains limited. This study aimed to analyse changes in serum creatinine levels following the administration of a combination of bidara leaf and lemon tea to farmers exposed to heat stress in Banyumas Regency. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with aone-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 15 farmers were selected as participants using purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a combination of bidara leaf tea and lemon, 200 mL of which was consumed three times a day for 14 consecutive days. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after the intervention and analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results showed that the mean creatinine level decreased from 0.89 mg/dL before the intervention to 0.72 mg/dL after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between creatinine levels before and after the intervention (p = 0.012). These findings suggest a link between the consumption of a combination of bidara leaf tea and lemon and a reduction in serum creatinine levels among farmers exposed to heat stress. However, the study results should be interpreted with caution given the absence of a control group, the small sample size, and the limited range of renal function parameters measured.
Effectiveness of Gambas (Luffa acutangula) Solution in Reducing Bacterial Counts on Tablespoons: A Quasi-Experimental Study Ana Alfiana; Nurul Amaliyah; Suparmin
Public Health Research Development Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Public Health Research Development
Publisher : Indonesian Association Environmental Health of West Kalimantan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/phrd.v2i2.44

Abstract

Microbiological contamination of tableware is a key aspect of food hygiene and sanitation, particularly when washing processes are unable to reduce the bacterial load sufficiently. Gambas (Luffa acutangula) contains various bioactive compounds and has been reported to exhibit antibacterial activity in laboratory tests; however, its application in reducing bacterial contamination on cutlery remains limited. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of various concentrations of gambas solution in reducing bacterial counts on tablespoons. The study employed an experimental design with 28 samples comprising a negative control group, a positive control group, and treatment groups using gambas solution at several concentrations. Bacterial counts on the surface of the spoons were measured after treatment and compared across groups using statistical analyses appropriate to the distribution and variance characteristics of the data. The results showed differences in bacterial counts between groups, with a tendency for bacterial counts to decrease as the concentration of the gambas solution increased. The highest concentration tested produced the greatest reduction in bacteria, although not all comparisons between concentrations showed statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that gambas solution has the potential to reduce the bacterial load on spoon surfaces under experimental conditions. However, further research is required to identify the microorganisms affected, determine the mechanism of antibacterial activity, evaluate the safety of residues, and test the consistency of efficacy under a wider range of usage conditions.
Co-Authors Ana Alfiana Desembra Lisa Indah Restiaty Nur Hilal Nurul Amaliyah Rojali Yulia