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Human Rights Defenders in Indonesia's Digital Age: Navigating Limited Spaces in the Quest for Digital Democracy Rahayu Rahayu; Kholis Roisah; Khansadhia Afifah Wardana; Vania Lutfi Safira Erlangga
Sriwijaya Law Review Volume 8 Issue 2, July 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss2.3860.pp358-375

Abstract

The enactment and application of the Electronic Transaction Information Law are pivotal for delineating the appropriate boundaries for exercising freedom of opinion and expression within Indonesia's digital sphere. According to reports from international digital rights research and advocacy organizations, online media journalists and human rights activists frequently encounter direct pressure and cyber harassment. This article explores the balance of freedom of expression in Indonesia's digital domain to ensure a secureenvironment for human rights defenders advocating for human rights. This study uses socio- legal methodologies to draw on data from literature reviews and in-depth interviews. It underscores the need for regulatory reforms to define prohibited hate speech explicitly. SAFENet documented 153 cyber-attacks in Indonesia in 2022, predominantly targeting civil society groups, students, activists, and journalists. Additionally, the National Committee on Human Rights reported that 52% of attacks on human rights defenders occurred in the digital realm. While the protection of digital democracy varies by nation, Indonesia must establish aninstitution responsible for properly enforcing the ITE Law alongside an independent monitoring mechanism and related policies. Such institutions, including those dedicated to human rights defenders, uphold human rights and demonstrate a commitment to the principles of freedom, respect, equality, and dignity within society.
A Discourse of Personal Data Protection: How Indonesia Responsible under Domestic and International Law? Yusliwidaka, Arnanda; Muhammad Ardhi Razaq Abqa; Khansadhia Afifah Wardana
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol. 19 No. 2 (2024): December, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v19i2.13279

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technology has heightened concerns regarding personal data protection, particularly in Indonesia, where regulatory frameworks are still evolving. The ransomware attack on Indonesia’s National Data Center (Pusat Data Nasional/PDN) on June 20, 2024, which led to the leakage of citizens’ personal data and disrupted public services, has sparked widespread public criticism and demands for stronger data protection measures. This incident highlights Indonesia’s weak national cybersecurity system and raises critical questions regarding the state’s responsibility for safeguarding personal data under both domestic and international law. The findings reveal that while Indonesia has enacted Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, its enforcement remains weak, leaving citizens vulnerable to cyber threats. From an international law perspective, Indonesia is obligated to protect personal data under frameworks such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (RSIWA 2001). However, gaps in implementation, lack of institutional coordination, and inadequate cybersecurity infrastructure continue to hinder effective protection.  The novelty of this research lies in its dual legal analysis, bridging domestic and international legal responsibilities while examining the broader implications of state accountability in cybersecurity governance. This study contributes to legal discourse by proposing reinforced legal frameworks, improved institutional coordination, enhanced international cooperation, and the adoption of sophisticated cybersecurity technologies. Strengthening legal, social, and cultural structures is essential to prevent future data breaches and ensure comprehensive protection of Indonesian citizens’ personal data.