Diana Tantri Cahyaningsih
Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Urgency of E-Commerce Act for Consumer Protection (Comparative Study in Indonesia, Singapore, and China) Diana Tantri Cahyaningsih; Dona Budi Kharisma; Goldwina Aphroditerri Agnjana
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i2.4430

Abstract

This research aims to discover the problems of regulation of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Indonesia, Singapore, and China with a focus on Indonesia. This study also intends to construct e-commerce legislation to promote the expansion of the digital economy in many nations. This study focuses on legal research. Comparative and legal approaches are utilized in the study process. The legal documents utilized are e-commerce laws in Indonesia, Singapore, and China. In pandemic era, Indonesian e-commerce transactions had climbed by 50.8% with transactions reaching IDR 401 trillion. However, fraud in online transactions is one of the most reported crimes. As many as 28.7% of cybercrimes originate from fraud. The number of fraud cases, transaction security, and weak protection of personal data consumers are still central issues. The Information and Electronic Transactions Act, as revised by Act Number 19/2016 does not explicitly regulate e-commerce. Compared to Singapore, it has a Casetrust to increase consumer confidence and is supported by the Electronic Transactions Act (ETA).  Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA). E-commerce Act of the People’s Republic of China is supported by Personal Information Protection Act of the People's Republic of China.  The Act aims to give some legal certainty and predictability to online businesses.
Formulation of Legal and Regulatory Models of Carbon Units as Collateral Objects in Indonesia Diana Tantri Cahyaningsih; Dona Budi Kharisma; Alisha Vinia Alethea Majid
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6837

Abstract

The rise in GHG emissions has driven countries, including Indonesia, to commit to Net Zero Emissions through the 2015 Paris Agreement. One of Indonesia’s efforts is limiting carbon emissions via carbon trading. The traded object, carbon units, are categorized as securities with economic value, presenting an opportunity to use them as collateral. However, theres is no clear regulation governing this. This normative legal research uses statute and conceptual approaches, with primary and secondary legalmaterials on collateral law. The study aims to propose regulatory recommendations to enable the use of carbon units as collateral in Indonesia. The findings suggest that fiduciary is the most suitable binding meyhod, as it does not require physical delivery and allows execution through private sale under Article 31 of Indonesia Fiduciary Law. The lack of a valuation institution can be addressed by optimizing collaboration between public appraisers, like KJPP and GHG Validation and Verification instituions (LV/V GRK).