Mawaddah Fitria
Universitas Malikussaleh

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Ketoasidosis Diabetikum Suherna Musfira S; Mawaddah Fitria
Termometer: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Januari : Termometer: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/termometer.v2i1.2847

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious, acute complication of diabetes mellitus and is an emergency that must be treated immediately. DKA requires fast and precise management, considering the high mortality rate. DKA is a state of metabolic decompensation characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis and is an emergency in the field of endocrinology that is most frequently encountered in daily practice. Data in America is that more than 100,000 patients are treated per year for DKA (3). . Although there is no community data in Indonesia, it seems that the incidence of DKA in Indonesia is not as high as in western countries, considering the low prevalence of type 1 DM. Reports of the incidence of DKA in Indonesia generally come from hospital data and especially in type II DM patients (4). Successful management of DKA requires correction of dehydration, hyperglycemia, acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities, identification of comorbid precipitating factors, and most importantly continuous patient monitoring.
Leptospirosis Muhammad Farhan; Mawaddah Fitria
Termometer: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Termometer: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/termometer.v4i1.5801

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Leptospira and is transmitted through exposure to the urine of infected animals, either directly or via contaminated water and soil. The disease has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild symptoms to multiorgan involvement. The World Health Organization estimates that there are approximately 873,000 cases of leptospirosis each year worldwide, with more than 40,000 deaths. In Indonesia, 920 cases with 122 deaths were reported in 2019, although the true number is believed to be higher, with an estimated incidence of about 39.2 per 100,000 population. Transmission mainly occurs in high-risk environments such as during floods and among certain occupational groups. After entering the body, Leptospira spreads to the kidneys, liver, and lungs, potentially causing renal failure, jaundice, pulmonary hemorrhage, and fatal complications. Treatment should be initiated promptly based on clinical suspicion. Mild cases are treated with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days, whereas severe cases require intravenous penicillin G at 1.5 million units every 6 hours for 7 days or ceftriaxone 1–2 g per day. About 90% of cases are mild, but mortality can reach 10% in severe cases.