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All Journal IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Jurnal Informatika: Jurnal Pengembangan IT
Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro
Institut Teknologi Del
Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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SMAC: System for monitoring and automatic control of water, nutrients, and pH in hydroponic nutrient film technique Frengki Simatupang; Istas Pratomo Manalu; Eka Stephani Sinambela; Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro; Gerry Italiano Wowiling
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v15i2.pp365-376

Abstract

Manual regulation of nutrient solution parameters in hydroponic systems often causes instability and delayed corrective actions. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based system monitoring and automatic control (SMAC) for a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system to automatically regulate pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature. The proposed system integrates real-time sensors, automatic actuators, and dual-microcontroller architecture, in which an Arduino Uno performs local control while an ESP32 enables wireless IoT monitoring. An experimental systems engineering approach was applied for system design and performance evaluation. Automatic temperature compensation (ATC) was incorporated into pH and TDS measurements to improve reliability under varying thermal conditions. Experimental results indicate that the temperature sensor achieved an average error of 0.13 °C. The control algorithm corrected pH deviations gradually by approximately ±0.31 pH units (pH Up) and ±0.38 pH units (pH Down) per cycle without overshoot. Nutrient concentration control increased TDS by about 75 ppm per cycle under low-TDS conditions. Stability testing confirmed that pH and TDS remained within optimal ranges after disturbances, while safety mechanisms operated reliably under abnormal temperatures. The results demonstrate that the proposed SMAC system provides accurate, stable, and adaptive control suitable for precision and sustainable hydroponic applications.
FRAMEWORK MODULAR BERBASIS BLE untuk KONFIGURASI DINAMIS PERANGKAT EMBEDDED HEADLESS dengan APLIKASI MOBILE Eka Stephani Sinambela; Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro; Rivaldo Butar-butar; Ezra Pasaribu; Rika Simatupang; Frengki Simatupang; istas Pratomo Manalu; Gerry Italiano Wowiling; Sari Muthia Silalahi; Pandapotan Siagian
Jurnal Informatika: Jurnal Pengembangan IT Vol 11, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Politeknik Harapan Bersama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30591/jpit.v11i2.10271

Abstract

– This study presents the development of a modular Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based framework designed to enable dynamic configuration of headless embedded devices using an ESP32 microcontroller through a mobile application. Manual configuration processes that require physical device access and firmware reprogramming are often prone to human error and inefficiency, particularly for Internet of Things (IoT) devices deployed at the production stage. The proposed system aims to address these challenges by facilitating real-time, energy-efficient configuration management via wireless communication. The BLE-based mobile application serves as a user interface that allows secure bidirectional data exchange with the embedded device, enabling the modification of configuration parameters such as PIN, IP address, and SSID. The framework also ensures that all configuration updates are stored permanently within the device’s non-volatile memory, thereby eliminating the need for repeated reprogramming. Experimental evaluations were conducted to validate the system’s functionality and reliability. The results indicate that the application successfully scans, connects to, and updates individual ESP32-based headless devices. Configuration changes were applied accurately and persistently, confirming the stability and robustness of the proposed framework. The findings demonstrate that this approach significantly improves efficiency in IoT device management by reducing configuration time, minimizing potential errors, and simplifying maintenance workflows. Overall, the study contributes to advancing the development of intelligent, modular, and energy-efficient solutions for managing distributed embedded systems in modern IoT environments.
Co-Authors EKA STEPHANI SINAMBELA Ezra Pasaribu Frengki Simatupang Gerry Italiano Wowiling Istas Pratomo Manalu Pandapotan Siagian Rika Simatupang Rivaldo Butar-butar Sari Muthia Silalahi